MYOLOGY

Question 1

STATE THE DEFINITION OF ORIGIN

Answer 1

ORIGIN: ATTACHMENT THAT MOVES THE LEAST

Question 2

STATE THE DEFINITION OF INSERTION.

Answer 2

INSERTION: ATTACHMENT OF MUSCLES THAT MOVES THE MOST

MNEMONIC: MILO

M- MOST
I- INSERTION
L- LEAST
O- ORIGIN

Question 3

STATE THE DEFINITION OF TENDON.

Answer 3

TENDON: THE CORDS OF FIBROUS TISSUES THAT CONNECT THE END OF MUSCLES TO THE BONES, LIGAMENTS AND CARTILAGE.

MNEMONIC: TMB (MCM TNB)

T- TENDON
M- MUSCLES
B- BONES

Question 4

STATE THE DEFINITION OF APONEUROSIS.

Answer 4

APONEUROSIS: THIN, STRONG SHEET OF FIBROUS TISSUES THAT ATTCACHED TO THE FLATTENED MUSCLES.

Question 5

STATE 5 TYPES OF SKELETAL MUSCLES.

Answer 5

1. PARALLEL M.
2. FUSIFORM M.
3. CIRCULAR M.
4. MULTIPENNATE M.
5. UNIPENNATE M.
6. CONVERGENGE/ TRIANGULAR M.
7. BIPENNATE M.

Question 6

STATE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PARALLEL MUSCLES.

Answer 6

• THE FASCICLES OF PARALLEL MUSCLES ARE PARALLEL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF MUSCLES
• IT WILL TERMINATE AT EITHER END OF THE FLAT TENDON

Question 7

STATE 3 EXAMPLES OF PARALLEL MUSCLES.

Answer 7

1. STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID M.
2. RECTUS ABDOMINIS M.
3. SARTORIUS M.

Question 8

STATE THE DEFINITION OF RAPHE.

Answer 8

RAPHE: INTERDIGITATION OF THE TENDINOUS ENDS OF FIBERS OF FLAT MUSCLES.

Question 9

STATE THE EXAMPLES OF FISIFORM MUSCLES.

Answer 9

1. DIGASTRIC M.
2. BRACHIORADIALIS M.
3. BICEPS M.

Question 10

STATE THE CHARACTERISITICS OF FUSIFORM M.

Answer 10

• FUSIFORM M. HAS FASCICLES THAT NEARLY PARALLEL TO THE LONGITUDINAL AXIS OF M.
• MUSCLES TAPERED TOWARDS THE TENDON, IN WHICH THE DIAMETER IS LESS THAN BELLY.

Question 11

STATE THE CHARACATERISTICS OF CIRCULAR M. TOGETHER WITH THE EXAMPLES.

Answer 11

• CIRCULAR M. HAS FASCICLES THAT IS CONCENTRIC CIRCULAR ARRANGEMENTS
• IT FORMS A SPHINCTER THAT ENCLOSE AN ORIFICE (OPENINGS)
• EXAMPLES: ORBICULARIS ORIS, ORBICULARIS OCULI

Question 12

WHAT IS MEANT BY PENNATE?

Answer 12

• PENNATE IS A SHORT FASCICLES IN RELATION TO TOTAL MUSCLE LENGTH
• TENDON EXTEND NEARLY ENTIRE THE TOTAL MUSCLE LENGTH

Question 13

DEFINE UNIPENNATE

Answer 13

UNIPENNATEl:
* MUSCLE FIBERS ARRANGED OBLIGQUELY AND INSERTING INTO A TENDON AT ONLY ONE SIDE LIKE A FEATHER BARBBED AT ONLY ONE SIDE
* EXAMPLE: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Question 14

DEFINE UNIPENNATE

Answer 14

UNIPENNATEl:
* MUSCLE FIBERS ARRANGED OBLIGQUELY AND INSERTING INTO A TENDON AT ONLY ONE SIDE LIKE A FEATHER BARBBED AT ONLY ONE SIDE
* EXAMPLE: EXTENSOR DIGITORUM LONGUS

Question 15

WHAT IS MULTIPENNATE MUSCLES?

Answer 15

MULTIPENNATE:
- A SERIES OF BIPENNATE MUSCLES LYING ALONGSIDE ONE ANOTHER OR THE TENDON LYING WITHIN THE CENTRE AND THE MUSCLE FIBERS PASSING TO IT FROM ALL SIDES
- EXAMPLES: DELTOID

Question 16

WHAT IS PRIME MOVER AND ANTAGONIST?

Answer 16

1. PRIME MOVER IS AN AGONIST IN WHICH THE MAIN MUSCLE IS RESPONSIBLE TO PERFORM SPECIFIC MOVEMENT
2. THE ANTAGONIST OPPOSED THE ACTION OF AGONIS
3. AS FOR EXAMPLE: DURING EXTENSION OF THE KNEE, THE PRIME MOVER IS THE QUADRICEPS FEMORIS, THE ANTAGONIST IS THE BICEPS FEMORIS

Question 17

WHAT IS FIXATORS?

Answer 17

FIXATORS: IT CONTRACTS ISOMETRICALLY WITH THE PRIME MOVER BUT DOES NOT PRODUCE ANY MOVEMENT.
FIXATORS IS USED TO STABALISED THE ORIGIN OF THE PRIME MOVER,
EXAMPLE:
1. DURING ELBOW FLEXION, THE DELTOID ACT AS THE FIXATORS
2. DURING ABDUCTION OF THE SHOULDER JT, THE TRAPEZIUS, LEVATOR SCAPULAE AND RHOMBOID MUSCLES ACT AS THE FIXATORS.

Question 18

WHAT IS SYNERGIST?

Answer 18

SYNERGIST IS THE MUSCLES THAT WILL ASSIST THE PRIME MOVER/ COMPLEMENT THE ACTION OF THE PM AND TO PREVENT THE UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF THE INTERMEDIATE JT.
SYNERGIST WILL CONTRACT AND STABALISED THE INTERMEDIATE JT.