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GROSS ANATOMY OF THE HEART Flashcards

1
Q

PERICARDIUM IS A ___ LAYER OF ___ SAC.

A

DOUBLE
FIBROSEROUS

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2
Q

PERICARDIUM COVERS THE ___ AND ___.

A

HEART
ROOT OF GREAT VESSELS

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3
Q

THE FUNCTION OF PERICARDIUM ARE (2)

A

RESTRICT THE EXCESSIVE MOVEMENT OF THE HEART
LUBRICATE CHAMBER WHEN DIFFERENT PART OF THE HEART CONTRACT

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4
Q

STATE THE 2 LAYERS OF PERICARDIUM

A

FIBROUS LAYER
SEROUS LAYER

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5
Q

FIBROUS LAYER IS THE ___ LAYER OF THE HEART.

A

OUTERMOST

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6
Q

FIBROUS LAYER COMPOSED OF ___ AND IT IS ANCHORED TO THE ___.

A

FIBROUS TISSUE
THORACIC CAVITY

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7
Q

THE BASE OF THE FIBROUS LAYER IS TIGHTLY BOUND TO THE ___.
THE NECK OF THE FIBROUS LAYER IS FUSED WITH THE ___.
THE FIBROUS LAYER IS ATTACHED TO THE ___.

A
  • CENTRAL TENDON OF THE DIAPHRAGM
  • ADVENTITIA OF THE GREAT VESSELS
  • STERNUM ANTERIORLY BY THE STERNOPERICARDIAL LIGAMENT
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8
Q

THE FUNCTION OF THE FIBROUS LAYER IS TO ___.

A

TO PROTECT THE HEART FROM OVERFILLING OF BLOOD AND INFECTIONS

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9
Q

SEROUS LAYER IS THE LAYER BETWEEN THE ___ AND ___.

A

FIBROUS PERICARDIUM AND THE HEART.

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10
Q

PARIETAL LAYER OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM LINES THE ___ ASPECT OF THE FIBROUS PERICARDIUM.

A

INNER

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11
Q

VISCERAL LAYER OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM IS THE ___ OF THE HEART

A

EPICARDIUM

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12
Q

BOTH PARIETAL LAYER AND FIBROUS LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM CONTINOUS AT THE ___.

A

ROOT OF THE GREAT VESSELS

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13
Q

INSIDE THE PERICARDIAL CAVITY, THERE IS ___.

A

PERICARDIAL FLUID

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14
Q

SEROUS LAYER IS SUBDIVIDED INTO ___ AND ___

A

VISCERAL LAYER
PARIETAL LAYER

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15
Q

PERICARDIAL SINUS IS A ___.

A

PASSAGE FROM THE REFLECTIONS OF SEROUS PERICARDIUM AT THE ROOT OF GREAT VESSELS.

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16
Q

STATE THE TYPES OF PERICARDIAL SINUS AND DESC IT.

A
  1. TRANSVERSE PERICARDIAL SINUS.
    - POSTERIOR TO ASCENDING AORTA AND PULMONARY TRUNK
    - ANTERIOR TO THE SVC
  2. OBLIQUE PERICARDIAL SINUS.
    - AN INVERTED U RECESS POSTERIOR TO THE BASE
    - REFLECTED AROUND THE IVC AND PULMONARY VEIN
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17
Q

STATE THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TRANSVERSE PERICARDIAL SINUS.

A

FOR CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING (CABG)

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18
Q

STATE THE INNERVATION OF THE PERICARDIUM.

A
  1. PHRENIC NERVE
    FIBROUS PERICARDIUM AND PARIETAL LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM
  2. VAGUS NERVE AND SYMPATHETIC TRUNK (VASOMOTOR)
    VISCERAL LAYER OF THE SEROUS PERICARDIUM
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19
Q

STATE THE SHAPE OF THE HEART AND ITS LOCATION

A

SHAPE: PYRAMIDAL IN SHAPE (THE SIZE OF A FIST)
LOCATION:
- IN THE MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM ENCOLSED IN A PERICARDIUM
- OBLIQUELY BEHIND THE STERNUM
- POSITION RELATIVE TO MIDLINE:
= 1/3 TO THE RIGHT
= 2/3 TO THE LEFT

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20
Q

STATE THE RELATIONS OF THE HEART.

A

ANTERIOR - BODY OF THE STERNUM, 3- 6 COSTAL CARTILAGE AND INTERCOSTAL SPACE
POSTERIOR - T5-T8 THORACIC VERTEBRAE, OESOPHAGUS AND THORACIC AORTA
LATERAL - MEDIASTINAL PLEURA, PHRENIC NERVE
INFERIOR - DIAPHRAGM, FUNDUS OF THE STOMACH, LIVER

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21
Q

STATE THE SURFACES OF THE HEART

A

ANTERIOR: STERNOCOSTAL SURFACE
- MAINLY THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- PARTLY THE LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
POSTERIOR: BASE OF THE HEART
- MAINLY THE LEFT ATRIUM
- PARTLY THE RIGHT ATRIUM
INFERIOR: DIAPHRAGMATIC SURFACE
- MAINLY LEFT VENTRICLE
- PARTLY RIGHT VENTRICLE
RIGHT
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- IN CONTACT WITH THE RIGHT LUNG
LEFT
- LEFT VENTRICLE
- IN CONTACT WITH THE LEFT LUNG

22
Q

APEX OF THE HEART IS ___ PART OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE

A

INFEROLATERAL

23
Q

LOCATION OF THE APEX

A

POSTERIOR TO LEFT 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE, AT LEFT MIDCLAVICULAR LINE

24
Q

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

A

SUPERIOR BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM
- SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA
INFERIOR BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- NEARLY HORIZONTAL
RIGHT BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- VERTICAL
LEFT BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
- OBLIQUE AND CURVED

25
Q

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

A

SUPERIOR BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM
- SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA
INFERIOR BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- NEARLY HORIZONTAL
RIGHT BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- VERTICAL
LEFT BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
- OBLIQUE AND CURVED

26
Q

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

A

SUPERIOR BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM
- SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA
INFERIOR BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- NEARLY HORIZONTAL
RIGHT BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- VERTICAL
LEFT BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
- OBLIQUE AND CURVED

27
Q

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

A

SUPERIOR BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM
- SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA
INFERIOR BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- NEARLY HORIZONTAL
RIGHT BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- VERTICAL
LEFT BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
- OBLIQUE AND CURVED

28
Q

STATE THE BORDERS OF THE HEART.

A

SUPERIOR BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM AND LEFT ATRIUM
- SLIGHTLY OBLIQUE, CONCEALED BY PULMONARY TRUNK AND ASCENDING AORTA
INFERIOR BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND RIGHT VENTRICLE
- NEARLY HORIZONTAL
RIGHT BORDER
- RIGHT ATRIUM
- VERTICAL
LEFT BORDER
- LEFT VENTRICLE AND LEFT AURICLE
- OBLIQUE AND CURVED

29
Q

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

A
  • ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS
  • INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
30
Q

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

A
  • ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS
  • INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
31
Q

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

A
  • ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS
  • INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
32
Q

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

A
  • ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS
  • INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
33
Q

STATE THE MAIN 2 SULCUS OF THE HEART.

A
  • ATRIOVENTRICULAR (CORONARY) SULCUS
  • INTERVENTRICULAR SULCUS
34
Q

STATE THE EXTERNAL FEATURES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM

A
  1. SULCUS TERMINALIS
    - VERTICAL SWALLOW GROOVE BETWEEN THE IVC AND SVC
    - CORRESPOND WITH CRISTA TERMINALIS
    - UPPER PART CONTAIN SA NODE
  2. RECEIVES SVC, IVC
  3. AURICLES
35
Q

STATE THE ROUGH PART OF THE INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM.

A
  1. PECTINATE MUSCLE
    - A TRANSVERSE MUSCLAR RIDGE
    - FROM CRISTA TERMINALIS TOWARDS THE ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE
  2. OCCUPY ANTERIOR PART OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM AND AURICLE
36
Q

STATE THE SMOOTH PART OF THE INTERNAL FEATURES OF THE RIGHT ATRIUM.

A
  1. CRISTA TERMINALIS
  2. 4 OPENINGS
    - SVC
    - IVC
    - CORONARY SINUS
    - TRICUSPID ORIFICE
  3. TRIANGLE OF KOCH
    - BOUNDARIES: TENDON OF TODARO, CORONARY SINUS ORIFICE, SEPTAL LEAFLET OF THE RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
    - SIGNIFICANCE: USED AS AN ANATOMICAL LANDMARK FOR THE LOCATION OF THE AV NODE
  4. INTERATRIAL SEPTUM
  5. FOSSA OVALIS
  6. ANNULUS OVALIS
37
Q

STATE THE OUTFLOWING PART OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLES.

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE
OUTFLOWING
- INFUNDIBULUM/ CONUS ARTERIOSUS
- SMOOTH

38
Q

STATE THE STRUCTURE THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE INFLOWING PART OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

A

RIGHT VENTRICLE
INFLOWING PART
1. ROUGH
2. PAPILLARY MUSCLE
- ANTERIOR CUSP OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS CONNECTED TO THE ANTERIOR MUSCLE
- POSTERIOR CUSP OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS CONNECTED TO THE POSTERIOR MUSCLE
- SEPTAL CUSP OF TRICUSPID VALVE IS CONNECTED TO THE SEPTAL MUSCLE
3. CHORDAE TENDINAE
4. TRABECULAE CARNAE
5. SUPRAVENTRICULAR CREST
6. SEPTOMARGINAL TRABECULAE
- ANTERIOR PAPILLARY MUSCLE THAT IS ATTACHED TO INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM
- CONTAINS RIGHT BUNDLE BRANCH OF AV BUNDLE

39
Q

STATE 2 ORIFICES THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE RIGHT VENTRICLE.

A
  1. RIGHT ATRIOVENTRICULAR ORIFICE
    - GUARDED BY THE TRICUSPID VALVE
    - CONNECTS WITH THE RIGHT ATRIUM
  2. PULMONARY ORIFICE
    - GUARDED BY THE PULMONARY VALVE
    - CONNECTS TO THE PULMONARY TRUNK
40
Q

STATE THE 5 OPENINGS THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE LEFT ATRIUM.

A
  1. LEFT ATRIOVENTRICULAR (BICUSPID) ORIFICE
    - GUARDED BY THE BICUSPID VALVE
  2. 4 OPENINGS OF PULMONARY VEIN
    - 2 SUPERIOR PULMONARY VEIN
    - 2 INFERIOR PULMONARY VEIN
41
Q

STATE THE SMOOTH PART OF INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF LEFT VENTRICLE.

A
  • HAVE AORTIC VESTIBULE
  • SMOOTH
42
Q

STATE THE ROUGH PART OF INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF LEFT VENTRICLE.

A
  • TRABECULAE CARNAE
  • NO MODERATOR BAND
  • 2 PAPILLARY MUSCLE (ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR)
43
Q

STATE THE ORIFICE THAT CAN BE FOUND IN THE LEFT VENTRICLE.

A
  1. AORTIC ORIFICE
    - GUARDED BY THE AORTIC VALVE
    - CONNECTS WITH THE ASCENDING AORTA
  2. BICUSPID ORIFICE
    - CONNECTED WITH LEFT ATRIUM
    - GUARDED BY THE BICUSPID VALVE
44
Q

STATE THE 2 PARTS IN INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM AND DESC IT.

A
  1. MUSCULAR PART
    - THICK LOWER 3/4
  2. MEMBRANOUS PART
    - THIN UPPER PART
    - GIVES ATTACHMENT TO SEPTAL CUSP OF THE TRICUSPID ORIFICE.
45
Q

STATE THE VALVES OF THE HEART.

A

ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVE
- BASE IS ATTACHED TI THE FIBROUS RING OF AV ORIFICE
- FREE EDGES ARE ATTACHED TO PAPILLARY MUSCLE VIA CHORDAE TENDINAE
1. BICUSPID VALVE
- HAVE 2 CUSP
- LOCATED AT THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART
2. TRICUSPID VALVE
- HAVE 3 CUSP
- LOCATED AT THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART

SEMILUNAR VALVE
- BASE IS ATTACHED TO THE FIBROUS RING
- NOT ATTACHED TO THE CHORDAE TENDINAE
1. AORTIC VALVE
- HAVE POSTERIOR, RIGHT AND LEFT CUSP
2. PULMONARY VALVE
- HAVE ANTERIOR, RIGHT AND LEFT CUSP

46
Q

STATE THE SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE HEART BORDERS.

A

SUPERIOR BORDER: RIGHT 3ICS TO LEFT 2ICS
LEFT BORDER: LEFT 2ICS TO 5ICS
RIGHT BORDER: RIGHT 3CC TO 6CC
INFERIOR BORDER: LEFT 5ICS TO RIGHT 6CC

47
Q

STATE THE SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE HEART VALVES.

A

PULMONARY 3CC, LEFT STERNAL BORDER
AORTIC 3ICS, LEFT STERNAL BORDER
MITRAL 4ICS, MIDSTERNAL BORDER
TRICUSPID 4CC, LEFT STERNAL BODY

48
Q

STATE THE SURFACE ANATOMY OF THE AUSCULATION POINT.

A

PULMONARY: LEFT 2 ICS LATERAL TO THE STERNUM
AORTIC: RIGHT 2 ICS LATERAL TO THE STERNUM
MITRAL: 5 ICS, MIDCLAVICULAR LINE
TRICUSPID: LEFT 5 ICS LATERAL TO THE STERNUM

49
Q

FIBROUS SKELETON OF THE HEART CONSIST OF:

A
  • 4 FIBROUS RING THAT SURROUND THE ORIFICE OF THE HEART
  • FIBROUS TRIGONE IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN RINGS
50
Q

FUNCTIONS OF THE FIBROUS SKELETON

A
  1. ATTACMENT OF CUSPS OF VALVE
  2. KEEP ORIFICES PATENT, PREVENT FROM OVER DISTENDED
  3. ATTACHMENT OF MYOCARDIUM
  4. ELECTRICAL INSULATOR FOR ATRIA AND VENTRICLES

ANATOMY (8 decks)

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