Myofascial Release

Question 1

________ = connective tissue layers composed of collagen fibers (occasionally also elastin) in an amorphous matrix of hydrated proteoglycans, which mechanically links the collagen fiber networks in these structures

Answer 1

Fascia

Question 2

Which fascial layer is the outermost layer, derived from somatic mesenchyme and surrounds entire body with exception of orifices; outer layer is adipose tissue and inner layer is membranous and adherent?

Answer 2

Pannicular fascia

Question 3

What type of fascia is aka the investing layer, internal to and fused with the pannicular layer, surrounding all muscles, periosteum of bone, and peritendon of tendons?

Answer 3

Axial and appendicular fascia

Question 4

What type of fascia surrounds the nervous system, including the dura?

Answer 4

Meningeal fascia

Question 5

What type of fascia surrounds the body cavities (pleural, pericardial, and peritendeum)

Answer 5

Visceral fascia

Question 6

T/F: the majority of stretch receptors for muscles and proprioception (balance) exist in the muscle

Answer 6

False! 75% of stretch receptors for muscles and proprioception consist of free endings in FASCIA

Question 7

______ is the force that attempts to deform a CT structure

_____ is the percentage of deformation of a CT

Answer 7

Stress; strain

Question 8

The difference between the loading and unloading characteristics represents energy that is lost in the CT system, this energy loss is termed _______

Answer 8

Hysteresis

[stretching Ct into its plastic deformational range will bring about lengthening of the tissue

Question 9

During cyclic loading of a tendon, the stress-strain curve gradually shifts to the _____

Answer 9

Right

Question 10

______ refers to the idea that CT under a sustained, constant load (below failure threshold, will elongate (deform) in response to the load

Answer 10

Creep

Question 11

What is Newton’s third law?

Answer 11

When 2 bodies interact, the force exerted by one is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to forces exerted by the other

Question 12

What is Hooke’s law?

Answer 12

The strain (deformation) placed on an elastic body is in proportion to the stress (force) placed upon it

Question 13

What is Wolff’s law?

Answer 13

Bone will develop according to the stresses placed upon it

[same applies to fascia]

Question 14

What is Sherrington’s law?

Answer 14

When a muscle receives a nerve impulse to contract, its antagonists simultaneously receive an impulse to relax

Question 15

What are the transition zones of the spine and what are the associated transverse restrictors?

Answer 15

OA, C1, C2 (tentorium cerebelli)

C7, T1 (thoracic inlet)

T12, L1 (thoracolumbar diaphragm)

L5, sacrum (pelvic diaphragm)

Question 16

What type of OMT techniques utilize a system of diagnosis and treatment directed toward tissues other than skeletal or arthrodial elements?

Answer 16

Soft tissue techniques

Question 17

What are 2 relative contraindications to soft tissue treatments?

Answer 17

Severe osteoporosis

Acute injuries

Question 18

What are some absolute contraindications to soft tissue techniques?

Answer 18

Tx in the local region of:

Fracture, dislocation
Neurologic entrapment syndrome
Serious vascular compromise
Local malignancy
Local infection
Bleeding disorders

Question 19

_____ = a treatment system in which combined procedures are designed to stretch and reflexively release patterned soft tissue and joint related restrictions

Answer 19

INR (integrated neuromuscular release)

Question 20

What are some indications for MFR?

Answer 20

Somatic dysfunction

When HVLA or ME is contraindicated

When counterstrain may be difficult secondary to a patient’s inability to relax

Question 21

What are the 2 absolute contraindications to using MFR?

Answer 21

Lack of patient consent

Absence of somatic dysfunction

Question 22

What are some relative contraindications of MFR?

Answer 22

Infection of soft tissue or bone

Fracture, avulsion, dislocation

Metastatic disease

Soft tissue injuries: thermal, hematoma, open wounds

Post-op patient with wound dehiscence

Rheumatologic condition with instability of cervical spine

DVT or AC therapy

Question 23

An MFR treatment endpoint may be palpated as a 3 dimensional release palpated as….

Answer 23

Warmth
Softening
Increased compliance with ROM

Question 24

During unilateral forearm fulcrum forward bending technique, to stretch the ______ muscle opposite the hand placed on the shoulder: rotate and side bend towards your elbow

Answer 24

Trapezius

Question 25

During unilateral forearm fulcrum forward bending technique, to stretch the _______ _______ muscles opposite the hand placed on the shoulder: rotate and side bend towards the hand placement

Answer 25

Posterior scalenes

Question 26

What is the most common location of TrPs in the gluteus maximus?

Answer 26

TrP2: Pain in the entire buttocks, may be felt deep within

Does not refer to the coccyx or anal region

Question 27

What are some gluteus medius TPs?

Answer 27

Pain along SI joint and PSIS

Centered and just below iliac crest

Just below iliac crest and closer to ASIS - pain in sacrum

Question 28

Pain in which gluteal muscle may refer down the lateral leg?

Answer 28

Gluteus minimus m.

Question 29

What are the deep hamstring muscles? Superficial hamstrings?

Answer 29

Deep: semimembranosus, biceps femoris SH

Superficial: biceps femoris LH, semitendinosus