Critical Clinical Thinking/Observation

Question 1

What body type is characterized by muscular or sturdy body build, aka the average guy?

Answer 1

Mesomorphic

Question 2

What type of ROM does a mesomorphic body type have?

Answer 2

Mid-ranges of ROM

Question 3

Mesomorphic body types are characterized by relative prominence of structures developed from the embryonic ________

Answer 3

Mesoderm

Question 4

What body type is characterized by a thin body build and long, linear frame?

Answer 4

Ectomorphic

Question 5

What degree of ROM do ectomorphic body types display?

Answer 5

Tend to have higher ROM

Question 6

Ectomorphic body types are characterized by relative prominence of structures developed from embryonic _______

Answer 6

Ectoderm

Question 7

What body type is a heavy (fat) body build, aka obese with increased fatty tissue?

Answer 7

Endomorphic

Question 8

Describe degree of range of motion in endomorph body types

Answer 8

Tend to have lower ROM

Question 9

Endomorphic body types are characterized by relative prominence of structures developed from embryonic _______

Answer 9

Endoderm

Question 10

In clinical observation, what type of skin color changes might you observe?

Answer 10

Pale
Redness = erythema (inflammation)
Yellow = jaundice (liver disease)
Blue = cyanosis
Blackness = necrosis

Question 11

Pallor may indicate what condition?

Answer 11

Anemia

Question 12

Erythema may indicate what?

Answer 12

Inflammation

Question 13

What condition might jaundice indicate?

Answer 13

Liver cirrhosis

Question 14

Cyanosis may indicate a reaction to cold, called what?

Answer 14

Reynaud’s disease

Question 15

Children with what condition exhibit bluish skin during episodes of crying or feeding?

Answer 15

Tetralogy of Fallot

Question 16

Paul Karason turned blue after treating his skin condition by drinking and topically applying what chemical?

Answer 16

Colloidal silver

Question 17

Other than color changes, what other observations can be made regarding the skin?

Answer 17

Lesions
Scars
Tattoos
Piercings

Question 18

How are skin lesions evaluated?

Answer 18

ABCDE

Asymmetry
Border
Color
Diameter
Evolution

Question 19

What are landmarks from the anterior view for head carriage?

Answer 19

Eye level
Ear level
Nose and nares symmetry, ear prominence

Question 20

What are landmarks for the anterior view of the upper extremities?

Answer 20

Acromion height
Angles of clavicles
Carriage of arms
Finger tip length compared to iliac crests

Question 21

What landmarks are used to assess the anterior view below the shoulders?

Answer 21

Angle of rib cage
Umbilicus
Crest of ilium
Greater trochanter levels (via palpation)
Upper leg (compare R vs. L)
Lower leg (compare R vs. L)
Patellar alignment
Medial and lateral malleoli

Question 22

What are landmarks for assessing the posterior view from the waist up?

Answer 22

Carriage of the head
Shoulder level (scapular spine, scapular angle, medial scapular border)
Arm carriage
Spinous process alignment or deviation from midline

Question 23

What are landmarks for assessing the posterior view below the waist?

Answer 23

Iliac crest heights
PSIS
Greater trochanters
Gluteal line
Upper leg symmetry
Achilles tendon
Medial and lateral malleoli

Question 24

What are landmarks for assessing someone from a lateral view?

Answer 24

Plumb line:
External auditory canal
Acromion process
Greater trochanter
Anterior medial malleolus

Spinal curvatures:
Cervical and lumbar lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis