History Of Osteopathy Flashcards
Who decreased mortality by 90% in an obstetrical unit by introducing handwashing to medical students after cadaver lab?
Ignaz Semmelweiss
Who was the first to systematically study x-rays and use them diagnostically?
Wilhelm Rontgen
Name 3-5 types of medications used in the mid-1800’s
Alcohol Mercury Calomel Morphine Cocaine Purgatives Cathartics
What year was x-ray first used diagnostically?
1896
Who was the first person to use sterile rubber gloves in surgery?
Dr. William Halstead
What did Abram and AT Still do for a living?
Methodist minister and physician
What event allowed Dr. Still to have access to many cadavers with which to study anatomy?
Cholera outbreak in a group of Indians in Kansas
How old was “Drew” Still when he made a rope swing that cured his headache?
10 years
What major battle of the Civil War did Dr. Still fight in, and what was his highest rank?
Westport (in KC), his rank was Major
How many children was Dr. Still left with when Mary Margaret died in 1859?
3
Name the first Osteopathic Principle
The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit
What is the second Osteopathic Principle?
The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance
What is the 3rd Osteopathic Principle?
Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated
What is the fourth Osteopathic Principle?
Rational treatment is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function
How does the Osteopathic physician help a patient achieve homeostasis and health?
By treating with OMM and medications as needed to maintain homeostasis, by recognizing the patient as a whole and not just a disease
What happened in 1910 that changed the face of medical education for MDs and DOs?
Abraham Flexner produced the Flexner report with harsh criticism of medical education in the US
What happened in 1917-1918 that took 30 million lives?
Spanish flu pandemic
[it is estimated that WWI took 15-18 million lives]
Why was the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1917-1918 important to the Osteopathic profession?
Because death rates were significantly lower for those treated by DOs than those treated by MDs
What happened in 1961 to threaten DO’s?
A California Referendum was passed, prohibiting the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state
If a DO in California in 1961 wanted to get an MD degree, what would it take?
12 Saturday classes and $65
When did AT Still “fling the banner of Osteopathy to the breeze”?
10 AM June 22, 1874
What 2 things happened when Dr. Still started to spread his ideas?
He was formally removed from the Methodist church, and he was basically run out of town, fleeing to Macon, MO
What year did the American School of Osteopathy open?
1892
How many students were in the first class at the American School of Osteopathy? How many were men vs. women?
22
17 men, 5 women
What was the largest school of the healing arts in the US in 1900?
American School of Osteopathy
What year did DOs first mount an effort to get rights to serve in the military and civil service?
What year did they finally get those rights?
Efforts were mounted in 1917, but rights were not obtained until 1957
(First officer Harry J Walter, DO was not commissioned until 1966)
Who was the first DO to serve in the military?
Harry J. Walter, DO - commissioned in 1966
What year was the Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed?
1977
Who was the Surgeon General of the Army from 1996-2000?
Lietenant General Ronald R. Blank, DO
What year did DOs begin to be drafted into the military?
1967
What was the result of DOs not being able to serve in the military in the 1940’s?
When MDs were drafted, there was a physician shortage in the US. Because DOs weren’t allowed priveleges in MD hospitals, they started their own, causing a rapid increase in DO hospitals in the US
Who was the first woman to receive a DO degree?
Jeanette Bolles, DO
Who conducted significant early Osteopathic research and postulated the connective tissue model of somatic dysfunction?
Louisa Burns
Who was the first graduate of KCCOS in 1917, who also graduated in 1918?
Mamie Johnston. She retired from KCU in 1981 at 92 years of age
Who was the first female Dean of a medical college (MD or DO)?
Barbara Ross-Lee
What percentage of DOs in active practice less than 10 years are women?
56%
What was the percentage of Osteopathic medical students in 2009-2010 who were identified as minorities?
40%
Who was the first minority AOA president in 1988-1989?
Marcelino Oliva, DO
From what college of Osteopathic medicine did Marcelino Oliva (the first minority president of the AOA) graduate?
KCU
Who was the first African American president of the AOA?
William G. Anderson, DO
What is William G. Anderson, DO known for besides being the first African American president of the AOA?
His work in the Civil Rights Movement with Martin Luther King, Jr
What percentage of DOs in California in 1961 traded their DO degrees for an MD?
85%
What year was the “California incident” resolved? And what effect did it have on DOs across the US?
1974; the Californina incident was a catalyst for DOs obtaining rights in all 50 states
How many Mary’s did AT Still marry?
2! Mary Margaret Vaugn in 1849 and Mary Elvira Turner in 1860
What happened in 1864 that made AT Still doubt the medicine of the day?
3 of his children died from meningitis, and a month later another dies of pneumonia
How much was a two year course in Osteopathy in 1894?
$500
What year was the American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO) started, and when did it change to the American Osteopathic Association?
AAAO was started in 1897, the AOA in 1901
In what state and year were DOs first licensed?
Vermont, 1896
What year was the Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established?
- By Dr. A.A. Kaiser, DO and George Conley, DO
What was the first year for inspection and approval for internships? Residencies?
Internships were approved in 1936 - 18 hospitals and 81 programs
Residencies were established in 1947 - 71 positions were approved and 37 were filled
What year was Osteopathy delared a “cult” by MDs? And what year was that revoked?
In 1922, the AMA labeled Osteopathic Medicine a “Cult”
Label was removed in 1955 with the Cline Committee report
