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OS Exam I > History Of Osteopathy > Flashcards

History Of Osteopathy Flashcards

1
Q

Who decreased mortality by 90% in an obstetrical unit by introducing handwashing to medical students after cadaver lab?

A

Ignaz Semmelweiss

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2
Q

Who was the first to systematically study x-rays and use them diagnostically?

A

Wilhelm Rontgen

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3
Q

Name 3-5 types of medications used in the mid-1800’s

A 
Alcohol
Mercury
Calomel
Morphine
Cocaine
Purgatives
Cathartics
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4
Q

What year was x-ray first used diagnostically?

A

1896

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5
Q

Who was the first person to use sterile rubber gloves in surgery?

A

Dr. William Halstead

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6
Q

What did Abram and AT Still do for a living?

A

Methodist minister and physician

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7
Q

What event allowed Dr. Still to have access to many cadavers with which to study anatomy?

A

Cholera outbreak in a group of Indians in Kansas

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8
Q

How old was “Drew” Still when he made a rope swing that cured his headache?

A

10 years

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9
Q

What major battle of the Civil War did Dr. Still fight in, and what was his highest rank?

A

Westport (in KC), his rank was Major

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10
Q

How many children was Dr. Still left with when Mary Margaret died in 1859?

A

3

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11
Q

Name the first Osteopathic Principle

A

The body is a unit; the person is a unit of body, mind, and spirit

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12
Q

What is the second Osteopathic Principle?

A

The body is capable of self-regulation, self-healing, and health maintenance

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13
Q

What is the 3rd Osteopathic Principle?

A

Structure and function are reciprocally interrelated

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14
Q

What is the fourth Osteopathic Principle?

A

Rational treatment is based on an understanding of the basic principles of body unity, self-regulation, and the interrelationship of structure and function

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15
Q

How does the Osteopathic physician help a patient achieve homeostasis and health?

A

By treating with OMM and medications as needed to maintain homeostasis, by recognizing the patient as a whole and not just a disease

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16
Q

What happened in 1910 that changed the face of medical education for MDs and DOs?

A

Abraham Flexner produced the Flexner report with harsh criticism of medical education in the US

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17
Q

What happened in 1917-1918 that took 30 million lives?

A

Spanish flu pandemic

[it is estimated that WWI took 15-18 million lives]

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18
Q

Why was the Spanish Flu pandemic in 1917-1918 important to the Osteopathic profession?

A

Because death rates were significantly lower for those treated by DOs than those treated by MDs

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19
Q

What happened in 1961 to threaten DO’s?

A

A California Referendum was passed, prohibiting the granting of new licenses to DOs in the state

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20
Q

If a DO in California in 1961 wanted to get an MD degree, what would it take?

A

12 Saturday classes and $65

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21
Q

When did AT Still “fling the banner of Osteopathy to the breeze”?

A

10 AM June 22, 1874

22
Q

What 2 things happened when Dr. Still started to spread his ideas?

A

He was formally removed from the Methodist church, and he was basically run out of town, fleeing to Macon, MO

23
Q

What year did the American School of Osteopathy open?

A

1892

24
Q

How many students were in the first class at the American School of Osteopathy? How many were men vs. women?

A

22

17 men, 5 women

25
Q

What was the largest school of the healing arts in the US in 1900?

A

American School of Osteopathy

26
Q

What year did DOs first mount an effort to get rights to serve in the military and civil service?

What year did they finally get those rights?

A

Efforts were mounted in 1917, but rights were not obtained until 1957

(First officer Harry J Walter, DO was not commissioned until 1966)

27
Q

Who was the first DO to serve in the military?

A

Harry J. Walter, DO - commissioned in 1966

28
Q

What year was the Association of Military Osteopathic Physicians and Surgeons (AMOPS) formed?

A

1977

29
Q

Who was the Surgeon General of the Army from 1996-2000?

A

Lietenant General Ronald R. Blank, DO

30
Q

What year did DOs begin to be drafted into the military?

A

1967

31
Q

What was the result of DOs not being able to serve in the military in the 1940’s?

A

When MDs were drafted, there was a physician shortage in the US. Because DOs weren’t allowed priveleges in MD hospitals, they started their own, causing a rapid increase in DO hospitals in the US

32
Q

Who was the first woman to receive a DO degree?

A

Jeanette Bolles, DO

33
Q

Who conducted significant early Osteopathic research and postulated the connective tissue model of somatic dysfunction?

A

Louisa Burns

34
Q

Who was the first graduate of KCCOS in 1917, who also graduated in 1918?

A

Mamie Johnston. She retired from KCU in 1981 at 92 years of age

35
Q

Who was the first female Dean of a medical college (MD or DO)?

A

Barbara Ross-Lee

36
Q

What percentage of DOs in active practice less than 10 years are women?

A

56%

37
Q

What was the percentage of Osteopathic medical students in 2009-2010 who were identified as minorities?

A

40%

38
Q

Who was the first minority AOA president in 1988-1989?

A

Marcelino Oliva, DO

39
Q

From what college of Osteopathic medicine did Marcelino Oliva (the first minority president of the AOA) graduate?

A

KCU

40
Q

Who was the first African American president of the AOA?

A

William G. Anderson, DO

41
Q

What is William G. Anderson, DO known for besides being the first African American president of the AOA?

A

His work in the Civil Rights Movement with Martin Luther King, Jr

42
Q

What percentage of DOs in California in 1961 traded their DO degrees for an MD?

A

85%

43
Q

What year was the “California incident” resolved? And what effect did it have on DOs across the US?

A

1974; the Californina incident was a catalyst for DOs obtaining rights in all 50 states

44
Q

How many Mary’s did AT Still marry?

A

2! Mary Margaret Vaugn in 1849 and Mary Elvira Turner in 1860

45
Q

What happened in 1864 that made AT Still doubt the medicine of the day?

A

3 of his children died from meningitis, and a month later another dies of pneumonia

46
Q

How much was a two year course in Osteopathy in 1894?

A

$500

47
Q

What year was the American Association for Advancement of Osteopathy (AAAO) started, and when did it change to the American Osteopathic Association?

A

AAAO was started in 1897, the AOA in 1901

48
Q

In what state and year were DOs first licensed?

A

Vermont, 1896

49
Q

What year was the Kansas City College of Osteopathy and Surgery established?

A
  1. By Dr. A.A. Kaiser, DO and George Conley, DO
50
Q

What was the first year for inspection and approval for internships? Residencies?

A

Internships were approved in 1936 - 18 hospitals and 81 programs

Residencies were established in 1947 - 71 positions were approved and 37 were filled

51
Q

What year was Osteopathy delared a “cult” by MDs? And what year was that revoked?

A

In 1922, the AMA labeled Osteopathic Medicine a “Cult”

Label was removed in 1955 with the Cline Committee report

OS Exam I (18 decks)

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