Myocardial infarction Flashcards
Define MI in one sentence
Sustained ischaemia, causing irreversible myocardial cell death (necrosis). Demand for myocardial o2 exceeds the ability of the coronary arteries to supply the heart with 02.
Define angina in one sentence
Reversible myocardial ischaemia
What are the presenting characteristics for MI?
Nausea and vomiting, fever, severe, immobilising CP not relieved by rest, position change or nitrate administration. Describes as heaviness, pressure, tightness, burning
-Discomfort, weakness or SOB, fatigue, changes in mental status, arrhythmia.
What are the common complications for a patient following a MI?
Arrhythmia- 80-90% pts, HF, cardiogenic shock, papillary muscle dysfunction, ventricular aneurysm, pericarditis
How is an MI diagnosed?
ECG findings- changes in QRS complex, ST segment and T wave depression
Serum cardiac markers- proteins from necrotic heart muscle after MI
Angiography
What are the aims of collaborative care for a patient following an MI?
Preserve cardiac muscle- stop infarction process
What nursing management is required for a patient following an MI?
Position patient upright 02 therapy if pt SOB/ sats below 92 Vital signs 12 lead ECG Pain relief with nitrate Opioid if needed Heart and breath sounds Pain assessment and relief Physiological monitoring Rest and comfort Alleviate Stress and anxiety
What are some common drugs given to patients who have had an MI?
IV GTN, dual anti-platelet therapy- aspirin, clopidogrel Systemic anticoagulation with either LMWH or IV UH Morphine B-blockers ACE inhibitors Anti-arrhythmic drugs Lipid lowering drugs Stool softners
