Diabetes Mellitus Revision lecture

Question 1

What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 DM?

Answer 1

Type 1= autoimmune; beta-cells of pancreas being destroyed; insulin deficient.

Type 2= not enough insulin being produced or target tissues not responding to insulin; becoming resistant to insulin

Question 2

What are normal HbA1C levels?

Answer 2

less that 40 mmol/mol. About 50=diabetes

Fasting BGL should be below 6

Question 3

What are the LT consequences associated with DM?

Answer 3

Retinopathy; nephropathy; peripheral neuropathy; macrovascular damage; amputations

Question 4

What are the s+s of uncontrolled DM?

Answer 4

Glucosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, loss of weight, sweetish smell on breath.

Question 5

What are key features of DKA?

Answer 5

Ketoacidosis-metabolic acidosis
Elevated BG
Decrease HCO3
Decrease pH
Positive urine or serum ketones

May be partially compensated- increased HR, hyperventilation

Question 6

What are the s+s hypoglycaemia?

Answer 6

Irritability, confusion, vague, memory lapses, slurred speech, staggering gait, sweating, palpitations