Myocardial Infarction Flashcards
Which artery provides 2/3 of blood to anterior wall and septum?
Left anterior descending artery
Which artery supplies the left ventricle?
Left circumflex artery
Which artery supplies (1/3) of the blood to posterior of septum?
Right posterior descending artery
Which coronary artery supplies the pacemaker?
Right coronary artery
Which artery supplies the right ventricle
Acute marginal arteries
Which layer of the pericardium is connected to the epicardium?
Visceral pericardium
What is the function of fibrous pericardium?
To provide protection, anchor, and limit the heart volume (prevent overfilling)
Name the 3 layers of the heart from most inner to outer.
Endocardium, Myocardium, Epicardium
How many litres of blood is pumped per minute?
5L
What causes an increase in myocardial oxygen demand?
Increase HR, Increase diastolic volume, Increase contractility, Increase blood pressure
What causes a decrease in myocardial oxygen supply?
Decrease coronary blood flow, Decrease oxygen content, decrease hematocrit, decrease oxygen saturation, coronary vasoconstriction, coronary thrombosis, increase HR, increase diastolic volume
What are the disease states that are risk factors for MI?
Hypertension, Peripheral vascular disease, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia, Stroke
Acute Coronary Syndrome encompasses these conditions.
Unstable angina (changing/worsening chest pain); MI; Sudden cardiac death
In sudden cardiac death, there is extensive necrosis of the tissue. (T or F)
False, there is limited necrosis because the tissues need time to necrose; with sudden cardiac death the tissues have just been damaged.
The variant form of angina pectoris is defined by…
Pain occurring at rest due to vasospasm or constriction of artery diameter
The stable form of angina pectoris is defined by…
Pain occurring only during exertion
Which form of angina pectoris is frequently missed and treated as acute coronary disease?
Variant/Printzmetal’s Angina
Printzmetal’s angina occurs in how much percent of angina patients?
2-10%
Is atherosclerosis a cause for variant angina?
No, but 30% of patients have concurrent atherosclerosis
What are the 2 types of MI and what’s the difference?
Transmural infarction affects full thickness of ventricular wall
Sub-Endocardial Infarcton affects inner 1/3 to 1/2 of ventricular wall
The fewer collateral blood vessels in the region, the (greater/lesser) risk of damage.
Greater risk because collateral blood vessels provide alternate routes to regions.
What are the factors impacting the size of infarct region?
1) Severity/Duration of Ischemia
2) Location of block
3) Metabolic needs of region
4) Collateral blood vessels
5) Heart rate/rhythm
6) BP
Which cardiac enzyme has high specificity for cardiac damage?
Cardiac troponin (T&I)
Which lactate dehydrogenase is specific for the heart?
LDH -1; this isozyme is dominant in the heart
