Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Y4 Cancer Care > Myeloma > Flashcards

Myeloma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Myeloma?

A

Cancer of plasma cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Plasma cells?

A

Type of B lymphocyte that produces antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are B cells called that?

A

They are found in Bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens in Myeloma?

A

Specific type of plasma cell affected –> specific antibody produced in large quantities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is Multiple Myeloma?

A

Myeloma affects multiple parts of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the main types of Antibodies? (5 things)

A
  1. A
  2. G
  3. M
  4. D
  5. E
    (In Myeloma, one of these will be super high)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What antibody type is most commonly raised in Myeloma?

A

IgG (more than 50%)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does Myeloma affect the blood? (3 steps)

A
  1. Cancerous plasma cells invade bone marrow (Bone marrow infiltration)
  2. Suppression of blood cell dev
  3. Anaemia (low RBC) + Neutropenia (low neuts) + Thrombocytopaenia (low plat)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some specific diseases that Myeloma causes? (2 things)

A
  1. Myeloma bone disease
  2. Myeloma renal disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What it the Pathophysiology of Myeloma bone disease? (2 steps)

A
  1. Cytokines released from Plasma cells + Stromal cells
  2. Increased osteoclast activity + Suppressed osteoblast activity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the most common places for Myeloma bone disease to happen? (4 things)

A
  1. Skull
  2. Spine
  3. Long bones
  4. Ribs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can happen in the weak parts of Myeloma bone disease bones?

A

Pathological #s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the increases Osteoclast activity in Myeloma bone disease lead to?

A

Beh calcium reabsorbed from bone –> Hypercalcaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Pathophysiology of Myeloma Renal Disease? (3 things)

A
  1. High levels of antibodies –> block flow thru tubules
  2. Hypercalcaemia –> impaires renal function
  3. Dehydration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the CF of Myeloma? (4 things)

A
  1. Calcium raised
  2. Renal failure
  3. Anaemia
  4. Bone lesions / pain
    CRAB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What types of Anaemia can you get in Myeloma? (2 things)

A
  1. Normocytic
  2. Normochromic
17
Q

What are the RF of Myeloma? (5 things)

A
  1. Age
  2. Male
  3. Black African ethnicity
  4. FHx
  5. Obesity
18
Q

When does NICE recommend you sus Myeloma? (2 things)

A

Over 60 with:
1. Persistent bone pain (esp back pain) // OR
2. Unexplained #s

19
Q

What initial investigations should you do in sus Myeloma? (4 things)

A
  1. FBC
  2. Calcium
  3. ESR
  4. Plasma viscosity
20
Q

What will the FBC show in Myeloma?

21
Q

What will the Calcium test show in Myeloma?

A

Raised calcium

22
Q

What will the ESR test show in Myeloma?

A

Raised ESR

23
Q

What will the Plasma viscosity test show in Myeloma?

A

Raised plasma viscosity

24
Q

What urgent investigations should you do if initial investigations are positive (or you still sus Myeloma)? (2 things)

A
  1. Bence-Jones protein
  2. Light chain assay (serum-free)
  3. Immunoglobulins (serum)
  4. Protein electrophoresis (serum)
    BLIP
25
What investigation should you do to confirm Myeloma Dx?
Bone marrow biopsy
26
What investigations should you do to assess for bone lesions? (3 things)
1. MRI 2. CT 3. Skeletal survey (XR of full skeleton) Only need 1 of them
27
What will you see on a XR of Myeloma? (2 things)
1. Lytic (punched out) lesions 2. “Raindrop skull” (bc many lytic lesions)
28
What is the FIRST line Mx option for Myeloma? (4 things)
Combination of Chemo with: 1. Bortezomid 2. Thalidomide 3. Dexamethasone
29
What is a CLINICAL TRIAL Mx option of Myeloma?
Stem cell transplantation (only done when pt are suitable)
30
What is a CLINICAL TRIAL Mx option of Myeloma?
Stem cell transplantation (only done when pt are suitable)
31
What do you need to add when giving certain chemo regimes (e.g Thialidomide)?
Aspirin (bc high risk of VTE)
32
What are the Mx options for Myeloma one disease? (4 things)
1. Bisphosphonates 2. Radiotherapy 3. Orthopaedic surgery 4. Cement augmentation
33
How do Bisphosphonates work in Myeloma bone disease Mx?
Suppress osteoclast activity
34
How does Radiotherapy work in Myeloma bone disease Mx?
Improve bone pain
35
How does Orthopaedic surgery work in Myeloma bone disease Mx? (2 things)
1. Stabilise bone 2. Treat #s
36
What is Cement augmentation?
Injecting cement into vertebral #s / lesions
37
How does Cement augmentation work in Myeloma bone disease Mx? (2 things)
1. Improves spine stability 2. Relieves pain
38
What are the complications of Myeloma / its Tx? (8 things)
1. Inf 2. Pain 3. Renal failure 4. Anaemia 5. Hypercalcaemia 6. Peripheral neuropathy 7. Spinal cord compression 8. Hyperviscosity

Y4 Cancer Care (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions