Mycology Introduction

Question 1

fungi is evolutionarily related to …

Answer 1

humans compared to plants

Question 2

largest fungus?

Answer 2

armillaria - 10km^2

Question 3

what is the fungal cell wall made of?

Answer 3

cell wall made of chitin ; derivative of glucose - polymer of N acetyl glucose amine

Question 4

do fungus have nucleus?

Answer 4

yes - 1+

Question 5

are fungus autotrophs or hetereotrophs?

Answer 5

heterotrophs (like animals)

Question 6

what type of cholesterol do fungal cells have for fluidity?

Answer 6

ergosterol (compared to phytosterols in plants)

Question 7

how do fungal cells store food?

Answer 7

food as glycogen in granules (unlike starch in plants)

Question 8

what are the ways to classify fungus?

Answer 8

• spore formation
• fungal genomics
• modes of nutrition

Question 9

why is is hard to classify fungus visually through spore formation?

Answer 9

different parts of fungal life cycle look different in 1 fugus

Question 10

what are the modes of nutrition classifications?

Answer 10

1. saprophytic: feeding on dead organic substances
2. parasitic: get nutrition by living on other living organisms (plants/animals) and absorb nutrients from host
3. symbiotic: interdependent relationship with other species (mutally beneficial)

Question 11

types of symbiotic fungal relationships?

Answer 11

lichens - algae
mycorrhiza - plants

Question 12

types of fungal morphology?

Answer 12

filamentous fungi (macrofungi, microfungi [mold])

yeast (microfungi)

Question 13

how does filamentous fungi grow?

Answer 13

as filaments (hyphae) which extend in one direction (apical growth) from tips making a network (mycelium)

Question 14

types of hyphae in filamentous fungi?

Answer 14

septate (cell wall between structures)

coenocytic (no cell wall)

Question 15

how does yeast grow?

Answer 15

1. fission yeast division (2 equal daughter cells)
2. budding yeast division (mother yeast buds daughter cell)

Question 16

what is a common infectious characteristic of yeast?

Answer 16

dimorphic: change between yeast phase (budding/fission) and hyphal phase (to invade making pseudohyphae) depending on environment

Question 17

types of reproduction in fungi?

Answer 17

1. asexual
2. sexual
3. parasexual

Question 18

what are anamorphs? how do they work?

Answer 18

fungi in asexual reproducing phase
- spores or conidia produced through mitosis and spread dandelion like

Question 19

what are telomorphs? how do they work?

Answer 19

fungi in sexual reproducing phase
- fusion of two nuclei -> meiosos

Question 20

types of sexual reproduction in fungi?

Answer 20

1. homothallic: self fertilization - 2 nuclei fuse from same organism
2. heterothallic: two organism of same species fuse

Question 21

how to parasexual reproduction work in fungi?

Answer 21

genetic recombination without the requirement of specific sexual structures

Question 22

the best way to survive on earth is

Answer 22

sporulation

Question 23

what is sporulation beneficial?

Answer 23

1. dessemination - spread
2. reproduction
3. move to new food source
4. new genetic combinations into populations
5. survive adversary
6. rapid identification
7. source of inocula for human infection or contamination

Question 24

benefits of fungi?

Answer 24

• Nutrient Cycling (fixing N and P for soil)
• Carbon Cycling and Climate Regulation
• Nutrition and Food Security
• Human Health
• Environmental Protection (digest plastic/oil)
• Sustainable Materials (made plastic)

Question 25

what is SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE?

Answer 25

fungus used for food products that can asexual and sexual (heterothallic) reproduction - can’t self-fertilize

Question 26

what does the ASPERGILLUS NIDULANS life cycle include

Answer 26

• asexual
• sexual (mostly homothallic)
• parasexual