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Dermatology > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Yeast

A

Unicellular, round, asex reproduce with budding.

Moist colonies, pseudohyphae with constrictions

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2
Q

Mold

A

Filamentous, tubular branching hyphae with septations

Form fuzzy, velvety or smooth colonies

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3
Q

Mycelium

A

Large intertwined mass hyphae without reproductive capacity. Diff types: spiral, pectinate, nodular, racquet, favic

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4
Q

Tinea nigra

A

Hortaea werneckii

Darker peripheral border

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5
Q

Black piedra

A

PIedra hortae, hard/firm, black nits–adhere to hair

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6
Q

White piedra

A

Trichosporon beigelii (Ovoides, inkin, asahii, cutaneum), soft, non firm, white, less adherent

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7
Q

Most common tinea capitis in US

A

T. tonsurans (2nd–T. canis)

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8
Q

Fluorescent Ectothrix

A

Cats and Dogs Fight and Growl Sometimes

M. canis, audouinii, distrotium, ferrugineum, (T. gypseum, schoenleinii)

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9
Q

Endothrix

A

Black dot ringworm: Ringo Gave Yoko Two Squeaky Violins

T. rubrum, gourvilli, yaounde, tonsurans, Soudanense, violaceum

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10
Q

Nonflourescent Ectothrix

A

My Right Nail Gave Me Warts

T. mentag, rubrum, M. nanuum, T. gypseum, T. megninii, verrucosum

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11
Q

Favus/Scutula

A

T. schoenleinii, violaceum, gypseum

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12
Q

Kerion

A

M. canis, T. tonsurans, T verrucosum, T. mentag

Treat with pred and anti fungal

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13
Q

Tinea corporis

A 
#1--T. rubrum
#2-- T. mentag then canis and tonsurans/gypseum
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14
Q

Majocchi’s granuloma

A

1-T. rubrum

or T. mentag
–Needs bx and oral anti fungal. Dermatophyte in hair follicle

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15
Q

Tinea barbae–superficial

A

T. violaceum or T. rubrum

All barbaes need oral anti fungal

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16
Q

Tinea barbae-abscess

A

M. canis

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17
Q

Tinea barbae–verrucous granulomatosis

A

E. floccosum

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18
Q

Tinea barbae=-Deep, inflammatory

A

T. mentag or T verrucosum

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19
Q

T. manuum

A

T. rubrum, T. mentag, E. floccosum

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20
Q

T. pedis

A

Most are T. rub rum

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21
Q

Bullous T. pedis

A

T. mentag

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22
Q

White superficial onychomycosis

A

T. mentagrophytes (HIV T. rub), also Aspergillus, Acremonium, fusarium, scopulariopsis. Chalky white.

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23
Q

Proximal white sublingual onychomycosis

A

T. rubrum, near lunula. Marker HIV

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24
Q

Distal lateral sunungual onychomycosis

A

T. rubrum

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25
Q

Epidermophyton

A

No Microconidia
Macrocon: club shaped, smooth. Thin and thick walls, 2-6 cells
No hair involve

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26
Q

Trichophyton

A

Microcon diagnostic
Macrocon: not diagnostic. pencil shaped, smooth
Nonfluoresc ecto and endo invasion

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27
Q

Microsporum

A

Macro:diagnostic rough walled, barrel shaped

Fluor and non fluor ectothrix invasion

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28
Q

Epidermophyton floccosum

A

T. cruris and T. pedis; occ corporis/onycho

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29
Q

Microsporum audouinii

A

T. corporis and capitis
Mouse fur colony
Polished rice –

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30
Q

Microsporum canis

A

Most common cause T. capitis worldwide
White, fur like with yellow periphery
Polished rice +

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31
Q

Microsporum ferrugineum

A

T. capitis and corporis

Smooth, waxy, rust colored, heaped

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32
Q

Microsporum gallinae

A

Rare cause tinea capitis, usually chicken favus

Fluffy to felt-like what colony becoming pink

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33
Q

M. gypseum

A

Tinea corporis
Flat, powdery, buff to cinnamon with white periphery
Polished rice +

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34
Q

M. nanum

A

Tinea capitis
Fluffy white, powdery baige
Pig snout macroconidia

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35
Q

In Vitro Hair Perforation

A

+wedge shaped area in hair shaft–T mentag

no change in hair shaft–T rub rum, ferrug

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36
Q

Pigmentation Production on cornmeal agar with dextrose

A

+ T rubrum

-T mentag

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37
Q

Urease Test

A

+red pink–T mentag

-amber T rubrum, ferruge, soudanese

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38
Q

Trichophyton equinum

A

Requires niacin for growth

cream to yellow; fluffy with radial grooves

39
Q

Trichophyton menginii

A

T. barbae, T. capitis, corporis, unguium
Requires histidine
white to pink suede-like colony flat or with gentle folds

40
Q

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

A

var. interdigitale-anthro
var. mentagro-zoophilic
brown to red
Spiral hyphae
Hair perf+, urease +, pigment -

41
Q

Trichophyton rubrum

A 
One hand, 2 foot
birds on a wire
Pigment on agar +
Urease -
Hair perfor -
42
Q

Trichophyton soudanense

A

T. capitis, corporis

Urease negative

43
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans

A

Most common cause T capitis in US
BLack dot endothrix
Partial thiamine requirement

44
Q

Trichophyton concentricum

A

Tinea imbricata
Deeply folded, cerebriform
Some need thiamine

45
Q

Trichophyton schloenleinii

A

Capitis, corporis, unguium

Favic chandelier

46
Q

Trichophyton verrucosum

A

Ecto capitis, Inflamm barbae, T. corporis, faciei
Grows best at 37
Needs Thiamine +- inositol
Waxy white heaped

47
Q

Trichophyton violaceum

A

T. capitis
Purple colony
Partial need for thiamine

48
Q

Scytalidium dimidiatum

A

Soles, toe webs. PIgmented hyphae
Sesnsitive to cycloheximide
Resistant to antifungals

49
Q

E. floccosum

A

T. cruris and pedis

50
Q

M. audouinii

A

Polish rice -

Former #1 tinea capitis

51
Q

M. canis

A 
#1 tinea capitis world wide
Polish rice+
52
Q

T. rubrum

A

1 worldwide overall

53
Q

T. tonsurans

A

1 t capitis in US

54
Q

Most common fungus in burn patients

A

Fusarium

55
Q

Fusarium

A

Hyalohyphomycosis
Histo looks like aspergillosis
Cause painful cellulitis, abcess, necrotic nodules
Banana shaped

56
Q

Penicillium

A

Blue grey colony with white border

External ear, mycotic kertitis

57
Q

Scopulariopis

A

White superficial onychomycosis

58
Q

Paecilomyces

A

Erythematous macules, vesicles, pustules or nodules

59
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis

A

Fontana Masson

60
Q

Alternaria

A

Phaeohyphomycosis
Common plant pathogens
Looks like hand grenade

61
Q

Cryptococcus

A

Encapsulated yeast
Pigeon droppings
Stain: PAS, GMS, Fontana Masson
Mucicarmine or alcian blue capsule

62
Q

Rhinosporidium seeberi

A

Large polyps, wartlike lesions in nasal mucosa, eye, mouth.

Red with mucicarmine

63
Q

Protothecosis

A

algae

Olecranon bursitis in 1/3 of cases

64
Q

Spiral hyphae Mycelia

A

T. mentagrophytes

65
Q

Pectinate bodies mycelia

A

Look like comb-M. audouinii

66
Q

Nodular bodies

A

Knot of twisted hyphae

67
Q

Racquet hyphae

A

Club shaped–C. immitis

68
Q

Favic chandeliers

A

Antlers–T. schoenleinii

69
Q

Arthroconidia–Asexual conidia

A

C. immitis-barrel shaped spores released by fragmentation

70
Q

Chlamydoconidia–Asexual conidia

A

C. albicans, T. tonsurans–Spherical, resist to environment

71
Q

Blastoconidia–Asexual conidia

A

Yeast–formed by budding

72
Q

Sporangia–Asexual conidia

A

Spores produced in a sac–Zygomycetes

73
Q

Conidia–Asexual conidia

A

Cells made on end of sides of hyphae–Dermatophyte

74
Q

Trichosporanosis

A

Via. T. asahii–fungemia in immcompromised patient

75
Q

Tinea imbricata

A

T. concentricum

76
Q

Tinea profunda

A

Often verrucous.

77
Q

tinea cruris

A

E. flocossum, T. rubrum or T. mentag

78
Q

tinea facei

A

Usually child upper lip and chin after animal exposure

T rubrum, T mentag, M. canis or T. concentricum

79
Q

Mocassin T pedis

A

T. rubrum, E. floccosum

80
Q

Bullous T pedis

A

T. mentagrophytes

81
Q

Interdigital T pedis

A

T. rubrum, T. mentag (E. floccosum)

82
Q

Onychomycosis

A

T. rubrum

83
Q

Candida glabrata

A 
#2 - 15-20% patients with invasive candida
Fluconazole resist
84
Q

Candida parapsilosis

A

chronic paronychia and systemic disease

85
Q

Candida tropicalis

A

septicemia esp in leuk, lymphoma and DM

86
Q

Candida dubliniensis

A

Oropharn of HIV patients and often after prev treatment with antifungals

87
Q

Chromoblastomycosis

A 
Fonsecaea pedrosoi (most common)
Fonsecaea compacta
Rhinocladeilla aquaspersa
Phialophora verrucosa
Exophiala jeanselmei
Cladophialophora carrionii
88
Q

Hyalohyphomycosis

A

Nondematiaceous, hyaline fungi
Penicillium, Acremonium, Fusarium, Scopulariopsis
Banana shaped macroconidia

89
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis

A 
Dematiaceous
Alternaria--hand grenades
Curvularia
Exophiala
Biopolaris
90
Q

Rhinosporidiosis

A

Rhinosporidium seeberi, water protozoan
GIANT SPORANGIA (up to 500um)
Nasal mucosa–vegetating polyps

91
Q

Aspergillosis

A

A. flavus-yellow to green culture. Most common for cutaneous disease
A. fumigatus-most com species
A. niger
Branch at 45deg

92
Q

Sabouraud Dextrose Agar

A

Gold Standard. Nutritionally poor.

Peptone, glucose, water, agar

93
Q

Modified SDA

A

Mycosel or Mycobiotic.
SDA+cycloheximide+chloramphenicol
Good for hair, nails, skin.
Cyclohex inh’s saprophytic fungi (protothecosis, H. werneckii, scytalidium, candida other than albicans, C neoformans)

94
Q

Dermatophyte Test Media

A

Peptones, dextrose, cycloheximide, phenol red, chlortetracycline, gentamicin
Dermatophytes–turn from amber to RED bc alkaline by products
Nondermato-cause media to turn yellow or stay amber bc of acid

Dermatology (20 decks)

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