Mycology Flashcards
Ingestion of contaminated peanuts and grains causes liver cancer due to AFLUTOXIN
Aspergillus flavus
Liver necrosis due to AMANITIN and PHYLLOIDIN
Amanita mushrooms
Inhalation of the spores causes allergic bronchi pulmonary aspergillosis (IgE-mediated)
Aspergillus fumigatus
Complex carbohydrate cell walls
Chitin
Glucan
Mitochondria
Major membrane sterol
Ergosterol
Study of fungi
Mycology
Infect only superficial keratinization structures
Dermatophytoses
3 important dermatophytes
Microsporum canis
Trichophyton tonsurans
Epidermophyton floccosum
Spectrum of disease ( dermatophytoses)
Tinea pedis Tinea unguium Tinea corporis Tinea cruris (jock itch) Tinea manum Tinea capitis Tinea barbae affects facial hair
Diagnosis (dermatophytoses)
Green fluorescence on Wood’s lamp
Sabourad’s agar: hyphae and conidia
10% KOH: septate hyphae
Superficial skin infection of cosmetic importance
Hypopigmented areas
Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Tx: MICONAZOLE
Tinea Versicolor ( Malassezia Furfur)
“AN-AN”
Dimorphic fungus that lives on vegetation
Occurs most often in gardeners, especially those who prune roses
Transmission: thorn prick
Tx: ITRACONAZOLE or POTASSIUM IODIDE
Sporotrichosis (Sporothrix Schenckii)
Dermatophytoses
Malassezia Furfur
Sporothrix Schenckii
Cutaneous mycoses
Dimorphic fungus that exists as a mold in soil and as a spherule in tissue
Endemic in arid regions of the southwestern US and Latin America
Very common in Filipinos living in Latin America and southwestern USA
Inhalation of arthrospores
Coccodoides immitis
Spectrum of disease (coccidiodes immitis)
Valley of fever Influenza like illness Lung infiltrates, adenopathy, or effusions Erythema nodosum (dessert bumps) Arthralgias Meningitis
Valley fever
Treatment (DOC)
Amphotericin B or itraconazole
Fluconazole (meningitis)
Dimorphic fungus
Endemic in Ohio and Mississippi River valleys
Grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings
Starling or bat guano
Transmission: inhalation of airborne microconidia
Histoplasma capsulatum
Two types of asexual spores ( histoplasma capsulatum)
Tuberculate macroconidia
Microconidia
Typical thick walls and fingerlike projections
Important in laboratory identification
Tuberculate macroconidia
Smaller, thin, smooth-walled spores
If inhaled, transmit the infection
Microconidia (histoplasma capsulatum)
Dimorphic fungus Round yeast with broad-base bud Endemic in Eastern North America Spectrum of disease: BLASTOMYCOSIS most common cause of fungal pneumonia Tx: itraconazole (DOC), amohotericin B for severe infections
Blastomyces Dermatitidis
Dimorphism fungus
Thick yeast with multiple buds in wheel configuration (mariner’s wheel)
Restricted to Central and South America
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis
Indeterminate organism
Major surface glycoprotein undergoes programmed rearrangements
Diagnosis by staining BAL washings
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Sacrophytic molds with nonseptate hyphae with walls and branches at right angles
Rhino-orbital-cerebral infection with eschar formation
Patients with DKA, burns, or leukemia
Mucormycosis
Rhizopus Oryzae and Mucor spp
Exist only as molds
Septate hyphae that for, V-shaped dichomotomous branches
Aspergillus fumigates
Can you name two mimickers of PTB?
Histoplasma
Paragonimus westermani
Oval yeast with narrow-based bud surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule seen in INDIA INK PREPARATION
positive latex agglutination test (CALAS)
Transmission: bird droppings
A symptomatic lung infection
Cryptococcus neoformans
Dermatophytoses
Tinea pedis Tinea ungulum Tinea corporis Tinea cruris Tinea magnum Tinea capitis Tinea barbae
Athlete’s foot
Tinea pedis
Jock itch
Tinea cruris
Spaghetti and meatballs appearance on 10% KOH
Hypopigmented areas
Malasezzia furfur
Gardener
Sporothrix schenkii
Lung infiltrates, adenopathy or effusions
Erythema nodusum (dessert bumps)
Arthralgias
Meningitis
Coccidiodes immitis
Closely mimics TB
Chronic pneumonia
Erythema nodusum
Tongue ulcerations in AIDS patients
Histoplasma capsulatum
Dimorphic yeast
Chornic pneumonia
Ulcerated granulomas
Lytic bone lesions
Prostatitis
Blastomyces dermatidis
Oral thrush
Vulvovaginitis (curd like discharge)
Intertigo
Satellite lesions
Onychomycosis
Esophagitis
Candida albicans
Mariner’s wheel
Paracoccidiodes Brasiliensis
