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Bacteriology Flashcards

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0
Q 
Gram-positive cocci in clusters
Catalase-positive
Coagulase-negative
Novobiocin-sensitive
Whitish, non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar
A

Staphylococcus epidermidis

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1
Q

Gram-positive cocci in grape-like clusters
B-hemolytic yellow or golden colonies on blood agar
Catalase-positive
Coagulate-positive
Salt-tolerant on mannitol salts agar
“Gold” color is due to pigment staphyloxanthia

Toxin: TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME TOXIN (TSST-1)

Mechanism: Bring MHC II and TCR in proximity to outside of antigen binding site to cause overwhelming release of IFN-y and IL-2 –> shock

Manifestation: Toxic shock syndrome: fever, rash, shock; other toxins cause scalded skin syndrome (exfoliative toxin) and food poisoning (enterotoxin)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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2
Q 
Gram-positive cocci in clusters
Catalase-negative
Coagulase-negative
Novobiocin-resistant
Whitish, non-hemolytic colonies on blood agar
A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

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3
Q 
Gram-positive cocci in chains
B-hemolytic
Catalase-negative
Bacitracin-sensitive
Lancefield group A
Positive PYR test

Toxin: STREPTOLYSIN O

Mechanism: Protein that degrades cell membrane

Manifestation: Lyses RBCs; contributes to B-hemolysis; host antibodies against toxin (ASO) used to diagnose rheumatic fever (do not confuse with immune complexes of post streptococcal glomerulonephritis)

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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4
Q 
Gram-positive cocci in chains
B-hemolytic
Catalase-negative
Bacitracin-resistant
Hydrolyze hippurate
CAMP test-positive
Lancefield group B
Grow using LIM broth
A

Streptococcus agalactiae (group b strep)

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5
Q 
Gram-positive cocci in chains
Catalase-negative
Gamma (nonhemolytic) colonies
Lancefield group D
Bite and optochin-resistant
Hydrolyzes esculin in bile-esculin agar (BEA)
Positive PYR test
E. Faecalis can grow in 6.5% NaCl
S. Bovis cannot grow in 6.5% NaCl
A

Enterococcus Faecalis ( group D strep)

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6
Q

Aerobic, gram-positive box-car like rods nonmotile
Spore-forming
Medusa head morphology

A

Bacillus anthracis

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7
Q

Aerobic, gram-positive spore-forming rod
Motile
Chinese fried rice syndrome

A

Bacillus cereus

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8
Q

Anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rods

Spore is at one end (terminal spore) so organism looks like a tennis racket

A

Clostridium tetani

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9
Q

Anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rods
Canned goods (bulging)
Honey
Botulinum toxin—> flaccid paralysis

A

Clostridium botulinum

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10
Q

Triad of botulism

A
  1. Symmetric descending flaccid paralysis (with prominent bulbar involvement)
  2. Absence of fever
  3. Intact sensorium
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11
Q

Anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rods
Double hemolysis on blood agar
Growth on egg-yolk agar

A

Clostridium perfringens

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12
Q

Anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming rods
Exotoxins in stool detected by cytopathic effect on cultured cells or ELISA
colon
Fecal-oral route
Hospital personnel

A

Clostridium difficile

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13
Q

Nonbloody diarrhea associated with pseudomembranes (yellow-white plaques) on the colonic mucosa
Toxic megacolon can occur

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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14
Q

Aerobic, non-spore forming, non-motile gram-positive rods
Club or comma-shaped rods arranged in V or L shape
Looks like Chinese characters
Metachromatic granules
Black colonies on tellurite plate
Toxigenicity detected using modified elek test

A

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

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15
Q

Gram-negative “kidney-bean” diplococci
Large polysaccharide capsule
Oxidase-positive colonies on chocolate agar
Ferments maltose and glucose

A

Neisseria meningitidis

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16
Q

Gram-negative “kidney-bean” diplococci
Insignificant capsule
Oxidase-positive colonies on Thayer-Martin medium
Ferment glucose only

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

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17
Q

Small gram-negative (coccobacillary rods) rods
Requires factor X (hemin) and V (NAD) for growth (chocolate agar)
Satellite phenomenon around S. Aureus colonies

A

Haemophilus influenzae

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18
Q

Small gram-negative rods

Culture on Bordet-Go agar or Regan-Lowe charcoal medium

A

Bordetella Pertussis

19
Q

Poorly gram-negative rods visualize with silver stain
Facultative intracellular bacteria
Culture on charcoal yeast extract agar
Rapid urinary antigen test

A

Legionella pneumophila

20
Q

Facultative gram-negative rods
Lactose-fermenting colonies on EMB or MacConkey’s agar
Green sheen on EMB agar; metallic sheen
TSI agar shows acid slant and acid butt with gas but no H2S
Typing by O and H antigens

A

Escherichia coli

21
Q

Non-lactose-fermenting, gram-negative rods
Produce no gas from the fermentation of glucose
Do not produce H2S
Nonmotile
Have O antigens
Cultured in XLD medium

A

Shigella spp

22
Q

Shigella transmission

A 
4Fs
Food
Fingers
Feces
Flies
23
Q

Gram-negative rods

Obligate aerobe

Non-lactose-fermenting

Oxidase-positive

Pyocyanin (blue-green pigment)

Sweet grape-like odor

Grown on Cetrimide agar

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

24
Q

Facultative gram-negative rods

Non-lactose-fermenting

Urease-positive

Swarming motility

Alkaline urine

Struvite

Magnesium-ammonium-phosphate

Staghorn calculi

A

Proteus mirabilis

25
Q

Facultative gram-negative rods with large polysaccharide capsule

Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)

Urease-positive

Current jelly sputum

Most common cause in alcoholics

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

26
Q

Curved gram-negative rods

Microaerophilic

Urease-positive

A

Helicobacter pylori

27
Q

Comma-shaped gram-negative rods

Microaerophilic

Positive oxidase and catalase test

Grows well at 42C on Skirrows agar

Campy medium (with antibiotics)

Gullain-barre syndrome

Reiter’s syndrome

A

Campylobacter jejuni

28
Q

Comma-shaped gram-negative rods

Motile

Oxidase-positive

Cultured on thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS) agar

Shooting star motility

A

Vibrio spp

29
Q

Encapsulated, pleomorphic gram-negative bacillus

Bipolar densities (Donovan bodies) look like closed safety pins

Small painless papule ulcerates to form beefy red ulcer with velvety surface

Pseudobuboe formation

A

Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis)

30
Q

Gram-negative rods

Reservoir: domestic animals

Transmission: oro-fecal route

A

Mesenteric adenitis (pseudo appendicitis)

31
Q

Small gram-negative rod

Culture on chocolate agar with heme (factor x)

PE: painful genital ulcer

A

Chancroid

32
Q

Facultative gram-variable rod

Clue cells present

Positive whiff test (fishy odor)

Malodorous vaginal discharge

A

Bacterial vaginosis

33
Q

Dog reservoir

Transmission: dog tick (dermacentor) bite

Forms morulae in cytoplasm of monocytes

A

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

34
Q

Gram-negative rod

Normal oral flora of cats

Cat-scratch fever in immunocomponent individuals

Bacillary angiomatosis in immunocompromised

Transmission: cat bite or scratch

A

Cat-scratch disease

35
Q

Obligate intracellular bacteria

Energy parasites that use host ATP

Cell wall lacks muramic acid

Grown in cycloheximide culture

Cytoplasmic inclusions in Giemsa

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

36
Q

Thin, coiled spirochetes

Hook at one or both pointed ends (shepherd’s crook)

Obligate aerobe

Grown on Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris (EMJH) medium or Fletcher’s medium

A

Leptospira interrogans

37
Q

Rapid changes due to programmed rearrangements of bacterial DNA encoding surface proteins
Transmitted by human body louse (Pediculus humanus)
Diagnostic test of choice is microscopy
DOC is tetracycline or erythromycin

A

Relapsing fever ( borrelia recurrentis)

38
Q

C. Trachomatis types D-K
Late-onset (2-4weeks)
Striking tachypnea, characteristic paroxysmal cough (staccato cough), absence of fever, and eosinophilia

A

Neonatal pneumonia

39
Q

C. Trachomatis types L1-L3
Papule or vesicular which ulcerates and leads to suppurative inguinal lymphadenitis (buboes)
Positive Frei test

A

Lymphogranulomq venereum

40
Q 
C. Trachomatis types D-K
Most common cause of STDs
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Neonatal pneumonia
Associated with Reiter's syndrome
A

Genital tract infections

41
Q

Aerobic, acid-fast rods
Ziehl-Neelsen
Lowenstein-Jensen medium
Luciferase assay

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

42
Q

Small gram-negative rods without a capsule
Contaminated dairy or direct contact
Tx: doxycycline plus rifampicin

A

Brucellosis (undulating fever)

43
Q

Small gram-negative rods
Reservoir: rabbits, deer, and rodents
Transmission: ticks, aerosols, contact and ingestion
Tx: streptomycin or gentamicin

A

Tularemia (francisella tularentia)

44
Q 
Most virulent bacteria
Small gram-negative rods with bipolar (safety pin) staining
Reservoir: wild rodents
Transmission: flea bite, inhalation 
PE: buboes, cutaneous hemorrhage 
Treatment: streptomycin and tetracycline
A

Yersinia pestis

45
Q

Short, encapsulated gram-negative rod that exhibits bipolar staining
Buttery colonies with musty odor due to indole production
Reservoir: cats and dogs
Transmission: animal bites
Treatment: penicillin G

A

Pasteurella multocida

46
Q 
Anaerobic, gram-negative rods
Predominant anaerobe of human colon
Spreads to blood or peritoneum during bowel trauma, perforation or surgery
Synergistic pathogenicity
Low with endotoxic activity
Foul-smelling discharge
Abdominal abscess
A

Bacteroides fragilis

Microbiology (23 decks)

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