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Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, and Paracoccidioidomycosis are classified as what type of fungi?

A

Dimorphic fungi. Mold in cold temperatures. Yeast in warmer temperatures.

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2
Q

Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, and Coccidioidomycosis cause what type of disease?

A

Pneumonia

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3
Q

Histoplasmosis. What type of white blood cells does the fungi infect?

A

Macrophages

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4
Q

Histoplasmosis. What type of feces transmits this?

A

Bird or bat droppings

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5
Q

Histoplasmosis. What type of lymphadenopathy?

A

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy

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6
Q

Histoplasmosis. Location?

A

Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys

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7
Q

Blastomycosis. What type of yeast? This is the classic buzz word?

A

Broad-base budding yeast.

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8
Q

Blastomycosis. What the of nodules form?

A

Granulomatous nodules

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9
Q

Coccidioidomycosis. What disease, in addition to pneumonia, does this fungi cause?

A

Meningitis

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10
Q

Coccidioidomycosis. What two areas in the west?

A

Southwestern US and California

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11
Q

Coccidioidomycosis. Called what type of fever?

A

Valley Fever

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12
Q

Coccidioidomycosis. The spherules are filled with what structures?

A

Endospores

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13
Q

Coccidioidomycosis. How large are the endospores?

A

20-60 um

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14
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis. Location?

A

Latin America

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15
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis. Budding yeast with what type of formation?

A

Captain’s Wheel Formation

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16
Q

Malassezia furfur. Causes what disease?

A

Tinea versicolor

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17
Q

Malassezia furfur. What type of patches on the skin?

A

Hyperpigmented patches in fair skins patients. Hypopigment in patients with darker skin or those who tan.

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18
Q

Malassezia furfur. What type of sulfide medication is used for treatment?

A

Selenium sulfide

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19
Q

Malassezia furfur. What type of appearance is associated with this fungi?

A

Spagetti and Meatball appearance

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20
Q

What type of infection is associated with pruritic lesions with a central clearing resembling a ring?

A

Ringworm infection

21
Q

The fungi that causes ringworm can be viewed using what type of prep?

A

KOH prep will allow the hyphae to be visualized.

22
Q

Trichophyton tonsurans. Patchy hair loss with what type of dots on the scalp?

A

Black dots

23
Q

What type of fungi is associated with oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompromised patients, vulvovaginitis, associated with diabetics on antibiotics, and diaper rash?

A

Candida albicans

24
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus. What type of septated hype?

A

Acute septated hypae

25
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus. What structure is formed within the lungs?

A

Fungus ball

26
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus. What type is associated with immunocrompomised individuals?

A

Invasive

27
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus. What type is associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis and may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophils?

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis

28
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus. What is found in the lung cavities especially after a TB infection?

A

Aspergilloma

29
Q

Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus can produce an aflatoxin. This is associated with what type of cancer?

A

Hepatocellualr carcinoma

30
Q

Crytococcus neoformans. What type of yeast?

A

Heavily encapsulated yeast.

31
Q

Crytococcus neoformans. Transmitted via inhalation of what?

A

Pigeon droppings

32
Q

Crytococcus neoformans. What stain?

A

India Ink

33
Q

Crytococcus neoformans. What form does this organism take?

A

Yeast, only.

34
Q

Crytococcus neoformans. What system does this yeast infect?

A

CNS

35
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus. This organisms can cause mucomycosis. What two molecules are increased during infection?

A

Ketone and glucose

36
Q

Mucor and Rhizopus. This organisms can cause mucomycosis. What type of necrotic eschar is on the face?

A

Black necrotic eschar

37
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. Causes what type of pneumonia?

A

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia.

38
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. What type of CXR appearance?

A

Diffuse, bilateral appearance

39
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. What is the prophylaxis or treatment?

A

TMP-SMX

40
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. Dapsone is only used for what type of treatment?

A

Prophylaxis treatmet

41
Q

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. In HIV patients, prophylaxis therapy begins when the CD4 count drops below what?

A

Below 200 cells/mL

42
Q

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. What type of budding yeast?

A

Cigar-shaped budding yeast

43
Q

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. How are spores introduced into the skin?

A

Traumatically via a thron. This is called rose gardeners disease.

44
Q

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. What type of lymphadenopathy?

A

Ascending lymphadenpathy

45
Q

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. What two medications can be used?

A

Itraconazole and potassium iodide.

46
Q

Chromboblastomycosis. Location?

A

Africa and South America.

47
Q

Chromboblastomycosis. Lesions begin as a warty nodule and progress into what?

A

A cauliflower like lesion

48
Q

Chromboblastomycosis. What type of bodies are present? This is a pathognomonic finding.

A

Medlar body bodies.

Microbiology (8 decks)

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