Mycology

Question 1

Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, and Paracoccidioidomycosis are classified as what type of fungi?

Answer 1

Dimorphic fungi. Mold in cold temperatures. Yeast in warmer temperatures.

Question 2

Histoplasmosis, Blastomycosis, Paracoccidioidomycosis, and Coccidioidomycosis cause what type of disease?

Answer 2

Pneumonia

Question 3

Histoplasmosis. What type of white blood cells does the fungi infect?

Answer 3

Macrophages

Question 4

Histoplasmosis. What type of feces transmits this?

Answer 4

Bird or bat droppings

Question 5

Histoplasmosis. What type of lymphadenopathy?

Answer 5

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy

Question 6

Histoplasmosis. Location?

Answer 6

Mississippi and Ohio River Valleys

Question 7

Blastomycosis. What type of yeast? This is the classic buzz word?

Answer 7

Broad-base budding yeast.

Question 8

Blastomycosis. What the of nodules form?

Answer 8

Granulomatous nodules

Question 9

Coccidioidomycosis. What disease, in addition to pneumonia, does this fungi cause?

Answer 9

Meningitis

Question 10

Coccidioidomycosis. What two areas in the west?

Answer 10

Southwestern US and California

Question 11

Coccidioidomycosis. Called what type of fever?

Answer 11

Valley Fever

Question 12

Coccidioidomycosis. The spherules are filled with what structures?

Answer 12

Endospores

Question 13

Coccidioidomycosis. How large are the endospores?

Answer 13

20-60 um

Question 14

Paracoccidioidomycosis. Location?

Answer 14

Latin America

Question 15

Paracoccidioidomycosis. Budding yeast with what type of formation?

Answer 15

Captain’s Wheel Formation

Question 16

Malassezia furfur. Causes what disease?

Answer 16

Tinea versicolor

Question 17

Malassezia furfur. What type of patches on the skin?

Answer 17

Hyperpigmented patches in fair skins patients. Hypopigment in patients with darker skin or those who tan.

Question 18

Malassezia furfur. What type of sulfide medication is used for treatment?

Answer 18

Selenium sulfide

Question 19

Malassezia furfur. What type of appearance is associated with this fungi?

Answer 19

Spagetti and Meatball appearance

Question 20

What type of infection is associated with pruritic lesions with a central clearing resembling a ring?

Answer 20

Ringworm infection

Question 21

The fungi that causes ringworm can be viewed using what type of prep?

Answer 21

KOH prep will allow the hyphae to be visualized.

Question 22

Trichophyton tonsurans. Patchy hair loss with what type of dots on the scalp?

Answer 22

Black dots

Question 23

What type of fungi is associated with oral and esophageal thrush in immunocompromised patients, vulvovaginitis, associated with diabetics on antibiotics, and diaper rash?

Answer 23

Candida albicans

Question 24

Aspergillus fumigatus. What type of septated hype?

Answer 24

Acute septated hypae

Question 25

Aspergillus fumigatus. What structure is formed within the lungs?

Answer 25

Fungus ball

Question 26

Aspergillus fumigatus. What type is associated with immunocrompomised individuals?

Answer 26

Invasive

Question 27

Aspergillus fumigatus. What type is associated with asthma and cystic fibrosis and may cause bronchiectasis and eosinophils?

Answer 27

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis

Question 28

Aspergillus fumigatus. What is found in the lung cavities especially after a TB infection?

Answer 28

Aspergilloma

Question 29

Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus can produce an aflatoxin. This is associated with what type of cancer?

Answer 29

Hepatocellualr carcinoma

Question 30

Crytococcus neoformans. What type of yeast?

Answer 30

Heavily encapsulated yeast.

Question 31

Crytococcus neoformans. Transmitted via inhalation of what?

Answer 31

Pigeon droppings

Question 32

Crytococcus neoformans. What stain?

Answer 32

India Ink

Question 33

Crytococcus neoformans. What form does this organism take?

Answer 33

Yeast, only.

Question 34

Crytococcus neoformans. What system does this yeast infect?

Answer 34

CNS

Question 35

Mucor and Rhizopus. This organisms can cause mucomycosis. What two molecules are increased during infection?

Answer 35

Ketone and glucose

Question 36

Mucor and Rhizopus. This organisms can cause mucomycosis. What type of necrotic eschar is on the face?

Answer 36

Black necrotic eschar

Question 37

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. Causes what type of pneumonia?

Answer 37

Diffuse interstitial pneumonia.

Question 38

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. What type of CXR appearance?

Answer 38

Diffuse, bilateral appearance

Question 39

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. What is the prophylaxis or treatment?

Answer 39

TMP-SMX

Question 40

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. Dapsone is only used for what type of treatment?

Answer 40

Prophylaxis treatmet

Question 41

Pneumocystitis jirovecii. In HIV patients, prophylaxis therapy begins when the CD4 count drops below what?

Answer 41

Below 200 cells/mL

Question 42

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. What type of budding yeast?

Answer 42

Cigar-shaped budding yeast

Question 43

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. How are spores introduced into the skin?

Answer 43

Traumatically via a thron. This is called rose gardeners disease.

Question 44

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. What type of lymphadenopathy?

Answer 44

Ascending lymphadenpathy

Question 45

Sporothrix schenckii. Causes sporotrichosis. What two medications can be used?

Answer 45

Itraconazole and potassium iodide.

Question 46

Chromboblastomycosis. Location?

Answer 46

Africa and South America.

Question 47

Chromboblastomycosis. Lesions begin as a warty nodule and progress into what?

Answer 47

A cauliflower like lesion

Question 48

Chromboblastomycosis. What type of bodies are present? This is a pathognomonic finding.

Answer 48

Medlar body bodies.