Basic Bacteriology

Question 1

Lipoteichoic acid is unique to which organism?

Answer 1

Gram positive organisms

Question 2

Endotoxin (LPS) is an outermsmbrane structure unique to which organism?

Answer 2

Gram negative organisms

Question 3

Legionella pneumophila, Rickettisa, and Chlamydia are what type of organisms?

Answer 3

Intracellular organisms. Thus, these organisms do not grain stain well.

Question 4

Does mycoplasma organisms have a cellular wall?

Answer 4

No, mycoplasma organisms do not have a cellular wall.

Question 5

Legionella pneumophila stains with what specific stain? Is this organism weakly gram (+) or gram (-)?

Answer 5

Silver Stain. Weakly gram (-)

Question 6

What type of acid is found in the cellular membrane of mycobaceteria organisms?

Answer 6

Mycolic acid. This is highly lipid content.

Question 7

Chlamydia organisms stain with which stain?

Answer 7

Giemsa stain

Question 8

With regards to Chlamydia, which form (elementary or reticular) stains with Giemsa? This organism can cause ayptical pneumonia.

Answer 8

Reticular form is what stains on the Giemsa Stain

Question 9

Tropheryma whipplei causes Whipple disease. What stain? Glycogen is stained.

Answer 9

PAS (periodic acid-Schiff)

Question 10

Acid fast organisms, such as mycobacterium, stain with what?

Answer 10

Ziehl-Neelsen

Question 11

Cryptococcus neoformas stains with what?

Answer 11

India ink

Question 12

Legionella and Helicobacter Pylori stain with what?

Answer 12

Silver stain

Question 13

What organism goes on Chocolate agar?

Answer 13

H. influenzae

Question 14

What organism goes on Thayer-Martin (VPN) media?

Answer 14

N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis

Question 15

What organism goes on Bordet-Gengous agar?

Answer 15

B. pertussis

Question 16

What organism goes on Loffler medium?

Answer 16

C. diptheriae

Question 17

What organism goes on Lowenstein-Jensen agar?

Answer 17

M. tuberculosis

Question 18

What organism goes on Eaton agar?

Answer 18

M. Pneumonia

Question 19

Lactose fermenting enteric organisms grow what color on MacConkey agar?

Answer 19

Pink, deep red, colonies

Question 20

What organism(s) goes on Charcoal yeast extract agar with cysteine and iron?

Answer 20

Legionella and Francisella tularensis

Question 21

What organism goes on Sabouraud agar?

Answer 21

Fungi

Question 22

Clostridum, Bacteroides, and Actinomyces are what type of anaerobes?

Answer 22

Obligate anaerobes

Question 23

Haemophilus influenzae B, Neisseria meningitis, Klebsiella pneumonaie are all what type of bacteria?

Answer 23

Encapsulated bacteria

Question 24

A capsule contributes to what type of virulence factor?

Answer 24

Antiphagocytic

Question 25

Proteus and Klebsiella are what type of organisms?

Answer 25

Urease positive bacterium

Question 26

Proteus breaks down what structure which leads to an high urine pH?

Answer 26

Urea

Question 27

Actinomyces isralii contains what color sulfur granules? Causes what facial syndrome?

Answer 27

Yellow sulfur granules. Causes lumpy jaw syndrome.

Question 28

Staph aureus has what type of pigment?

Answer 28

Yellow

Question 29

Pseudomonas aeriginosa has what type of pigment?

Answer 29

Blue Green

Question 30

Serratia marcescens contains what type of pigment? What urogential problems does this cause?

Answer 30

Red . UTI.

Question 31

Exotoxins are found in what types of organisms?

Answer 31

Gram (+) and gram (-)

Question 32

Endotoxins are found in what type of organisms?

Answer 32

Gram (-) organism

Question 33

Meningococcemia is caused by what type of toxin?

Answer 33

Endotoxin

Question 34

Cornebacterium diptheriae. Diptheria toxin inactivates what molecule?

Answer 34

Elongation factor 2

Question 35

Pseudomonas aerginosa. Exotoxin A inactivates what what molecule?

Answer 35

Elongation factor 2

Question 36

Shigella and EHEC possess the same toxin, the shiga toxin. This toxin activates what ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA?

Answer 36

Inactives the 60S ribosome by removing adenine from rRNA

Question 37

Bacillus anthracic. Edema factor mimics that action of what enzyme? What does this molecule activate?

Answer 37

Adenylate cyclase. Activates cAMP.

Question 38

Bacillus anthracis. What type of eschar?

Answer 38

Black eschar

Question 39

Vibrio chloerae. Cholera toxin activatives what enzyme by permanently activating Gs?

Answer 39

Adenylate cyclase.

Question 40

Vibrio chloerae. What type of stools?

Answer 40

Voluminous "rice-water" stools

Question 41

Clostridium tetani. Causes spasticity and lock jaw by preventing the release of what neurotransmitters in Renshaw cells of the spinal cord?

Answer 41

Prevents the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and glycine)

Question 42

Clostridium botulinum. Causes flaccid paralysis and floppy baby syndrome by preventing the release of what neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 42

Prevents the release of ACh from the neuromuscular junction.

Question 43

Clostridium perfringes. Causes gas gangrene due to what enzyme, also known as lecithinase, that degrades tissue and cell membranes?

Answer 43

Phospholipase

Question 44

Staphylococcus aures. TSST-1 toxin binds to MCH II and TCR outside what site?

Answer 44

Outside the antigen binding site.

Question 45

Streptococcus pyogenes. Exotoxin A binds to MCH II and TCR outside what site?

Answer 45

Outside the antigen binding site

Question 46

TSST-1 and Exotoxin A cause the release of INF-y and IL2. What does this cause?

Answer 46

Shock

Question 47

What portion of the LSP molecule invokes the immune response by activating macrophages? This results in hypotension, inflammation, and coagulation cascade activation.

Answer 47

Lipid A

Question 48

Transformation is the ability of a bacteria to uptake what type of DNA from the environment?

Answer 48

Naked

Question 49

S. pneumonia uses what type of bacterial genetic process?

Answer 49

Transformation