Clinical Bacteriology Gram Negative Organisms Flashcards
1
Q
Gram negative lactose fermenting bacteria grow what type of colonies on MacConkey agar?
A
Pink colonies
2
Q
TCBC grows what gram (-) organisms?
A
Vibrio cholera
3
Q
Neisseria. Gram stain? What shape?
A
Gram-negative diplococci
4
Q
Neisseria. What type of arthritis is associated with Neisseria gonococci cause?
A
Septic arthritis
5
Q
Neisseria. What two drugs are used to treat a Neisseria gonococci? Two drugs are used to treat a chlamydia confection.
A
Ceftriaxone (Neisseria) and Doxycyline (Chlamydia)
6
Q
Neisseria. What species is the most common cause of meningitis in teenagers? This may also be associated with DIC in patients.
A
Neisseria meningococci
7
Q
Neisseria meningococci. What type of capsule?
A
Polysaccharide capsule
8
Q
Neisseria meningococci. Ferments what type of sugar?
A
Ferments fermentation
9
Q
Neissera. What syndrome is associated with bilateral necrosis of the adrenal glands caused by Neisseria meningococci?
A
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
10
Q
Neissera. In Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, blood pressure decreases because aldosterone can’t be released from the adrenal glands. What happens to renin levels?
A
Increase renin levels.
11
Q
Neissera. Rifampin and Ceftriaxone are used as what for patients in close contact with meningococci infections?
A
Prophylaxis
12
Q
Neissera. What medication is used to treat the patient menigococci infection?
A
Ceftriaxone
13
Q
Haemophilus influenzae. Causes what type of disease in children?
A
Meningitis
14
Q
Haemophilus influenzae. Gram stain? Morphology?
A
Gram-negative coccobacillary rod.
15
Q
Haemophilus influenzae. What type of agar is used for culture? It requires V and X for growth.
A
Chocolate agar
16
Q
Haemophilus influenzae. What type of infection, associated with a cherry red throat in children, is caused by this organism?
A
Epiglottitis
17
Q
Haemophilus influenzae. What type of ear infection in children?
A
Otitis media
18
Q
Haemophilus influenzae. What type of sign can be seen on an Xray?
A
Thumbprint sign. This indicates that the epiglottis is enlarged.
19
Q
Legionella pneumophila. Gram stain? Morphology?
A
Gram negative rod.
20
Q
Legionella pneumophila. What type of intracellular organisms?
A
Facultative intracellular organism
21
Q
Legionella pneumophila. What type of stain?
A
Silver stain
22
Q
Legionella pneumophila. Culture media?
A
Charcoal yeast agar
23
Q
Legionella pneumophila. What two molecules are added to charcoal yeast agar?
A
Cysteine and Iron
24
Q
Legionella pneumophila. Detected by presence of what in the urine?
A
Detection of an antigen in urine.
25
Legionella pneumophila. What type of transmission?
Aerosol
26
Legionella pneumophila. What two sources are associated with infection?
Water source habitats. Hot tubes and air conditioning system
27
Legionella pneumophila. Is there person to person transmission?
No, Legionella pneumophila is not transmitted from person to person.
28
Legionella pneumophila. Treatment with what type of medication?
Respiratory fluroquinolones
29
Legionella pneumophila. What type of serum sodium levels?
Hyponatremia
30
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Gram stain? Aerobic or Anaerobic? Lactose fermenting or Non-lactose fermenting? Oxidase (+) or Oxidase (-)?
Gram (-). Anaerobic. Non-lactose fermentor. Oxidase (+).
31
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. What type of odor?
Grape-like smell
32
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Associated with what type of water source?
Hot tube. Causes hot tub folliculitis.
33
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Associated with what type of infections?
Wound and burn infections
34
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Causes pneumoniae in what type of patients?
Cystic fibrosis patients
35
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Produces what exotoxin?
Exotoxin A
36
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Exotoxin A inhibits what molecule?
Elongation Factor 2
37
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. What type of pigment?
Blue-green pigment
38
Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Causes pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients. What amount of ions is increases in these patients?
Chloride
39
E.Coli. Uropathogenic E. Coli causes cystitis. What is the virulence factor?
Pilli. Helps bacterium to adhere to the urinary epithelium.
40
E.Coli. What type of E.Coli strand invades the intestinal mucosa and cause necrosis and inflammation (immune response) of the intestinal tract?
EIEC
41
EIEC is associated with what type of stool?
Bloody
42
EIEC is associated with trips to where?
Mexico
43
E.Coli. What type of E.Coli strand produces an enterotoxin and is NOT associated with inflammation or invasion?
ETEC
44
ETECT produces what type of diarrhea?
Watery (Travler's) Diarrhea
45
E.Coli. What type of E.Coli strand is associated with raw hamburger meat and unpastuerized milk?
EHEC 0157:H7
46
E.Coli. What type of syndrome is associated with the triad of thrombocytopenia, anemia, and acute renal failure?
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrom
47
E Coli 0157:H7. What type of red blood cells are associated with HUS? What happens to renal blood flow?
Schistocytes. Decreased blood flow.
48
E Coli 0157:H7 does not ferment what sugar?
Sorbitol.
49
E Coli 0157:H7 contains what type of toxin?
Shiga toxin
50
Klebsiella. What type of pneumonia does this organism cause in alcoholics and diabetics when aspiration?
Lobar pneumonia.
51
Klebsiella. What type of sputum?
Red "currant jelly" sputum, rust colored sputum, and red-black sputum.
52
Klebsiella. What type of nosocomial infections?
UTIs.
53
Salmonella and Shigella. Which has a flagella?
Salmonella
54
Salmonella and Shigella. Which is H2S (+)?
Salmonella
55
Salmonella and Shigella. Which is H2S (-)?
Shigella
56
Salmonella and Shigella. Which is associated with invasion of the internal mucosa and causes a monocytic response?
Salmonella
57
Monocytic response means that the immune response is stimulated. What secondary messenger is increases resulting in watery diarrhea.
Increase in cAMP.
58
Salmonella and Shigella. Which does NOT produce a toxin?
Salmonella
59
Salmonella and Shigella. Which produces, more commonly, blood diarrhea?
Shigella.
60
Salmonella and Shigella. Which ferments lactose?
These organisms DO NOT ferment lactose.
61
Salmonella and Shigella. Which is associated with causing osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell Disease patients?
Salmonella
62
Salmonella and Shigella. Which produces a toxin?
Shigella
63
Shigella produces the shiga toxin. This inhibits what type of synthesis by "nicking" the 60S ribosome?
Protein synthesis
64
Salmonella and Shigella. Which is associated with invasion of the intestinal mucosa and cause a PMN infiltration?
Shigella
65
Salmonella typhi. Causes what type of fever?
Typhoid fever.
66
Salmonella typhi. Only found in what species?
Humans
67
Salmonella typhi. Causes what type of spots on the abdomen?
Rose spots
68
Salmonella typhi. Remains dormant in what organ?
Gallbladder
69
Campylobacter jejuni. What type of diarrhea, associated with children due to chicken?
Bloody
70
Campylobacter jejuni. Grows at what temperature?
42C
71
Campylobacter jejuni. Associated with what type of neurological syndrome?
Guillain-Barre syndrome
72
Vibrio cholerae. Permanently activate what G couple protein?
G stimulatory protein
73
Vibrio cholerae. Increase levels of what secondary messenger?
Increase cAMP
74
Vibrio cholerae. What is the first treatment after infection?
Oral rehydration
75
Yersinia entercolitica. Causes what type of adenines that can mimic Crohn disease or appendicitis?
Mesenteric adenitis
76
Helicobacter pylori. Causes what type GI conditions?
Gastritis and duodenal peptic ulcers
77
Helicobacter pylori. What test is positive?
Urease (+)
78
Helicobacter pylori. What breath test or antigen test can be used for diagnosis?
Urease breath test and the fecal antigen test for diagnosis
79
Borrelia, Leptospira, and Treponemia are what type of bacteria?
Spiral-shaped bacteria. BLT are the spirochetes
80
Spirochetes. Borrelia can be visualized with what stain?
Giemsa stain
81
Spirochetes. Treponema is visualized by what type of microscopy?
Dark Field
82
Leptospira interrogans. Found in water contaminated with what animal substance?
Animal urine
83
Leptospira interrogans. Causes this conditions which is a flu-like symptoms, jaundice, photophobia, and conjunctival suffusion?
Leptospirosis
84
Leptospira interrogans . Common in what population of athletes?
Surfers and Hawaii
85
Leptospira interrogans. Diagnosis for leptospirosis?
Spinal tap
86
Leptospira interrogans. Causes what type of meningitis?
Aseptic non-icteric meningitis
87
Borrelia burgdorferi. Causes what disease associated with the tick Ixodes?
Lyme Disease
88
Borrelia burgdorferi. Ixodes tick is also a vehicle for what disease?
Babesia
89
Borrelia burgdorferi. What CN palsy?
Facial nerve palsy
90
Borrelia burgdorferi. What is the host?
White Tail Deer
91
Borrelia burgdorferi. What type of cardiac block?
3rd degree heart block.
92
Borrelia burgdorferi. What two drugs are the treatment of choice for lyme disease?
Doxycyline and ceftriaxone
93
Borrelia burgdorferi. Doxycycline is used to treat lyme disease. What toxicity is associated with this medication. Patients must stay out of the sun during treatment.
Phototoxic dermatitis
94
Treponema pallidum. Causes syphilis. What is the treatment?
Penicillin G
95
Treponema pallidum. Primary syphilis causes what type of a chancre?
Painless chancre
96
Treponema pallidum. What type of syphilis causes a copper colored maculopapular rash on the palms and soles?
Secondary syphilis
97
Treponema pallidum. What type of syphilis is associated with saber shins, saddle nose, CN VIII deafness, Hutchinson teeth, and mulberry molars?
Congenital syphilis.
98
Argyll Roberson pupil is associated with tertiary syphilis. The pupils can __ and __ but will not be __ to light.
Pupils constrict and can accommodate BUT will not be reactive to light.
99
VDRL false positive is associated with what fever?
Rheumatic fever
100
What species causes aaplasmosis?
Anaplasma spp.
101
What species causes cat scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis?
Bartonella spp.
102
What organism causes lyme disease? What tick is the vector for transmission?
Borrelia burgdoferi. Transmitted via Ixodes tick.
103
What species causes brucellosis and undulant fever with sacroiliac pain? This is associated unpasterurized dairy.
Brucella spp.
104
What species causes bloody diarrhea, associated with consuming raw chicken, and grows at 42C?
Campylobacter spp.
105
What organism causes Q fever and is associated with the aerosols of cattle and sheep amniotic fluid?
Coxiella burnetii
106
What organism causes Tularemia and is transmitted by tick, rabbits, and deer flies?
Francisella tularensis
107
What species causes leptospirosis and is transmitted via animal urine?
Leptospira spp.
108
What organism causes leprosy and is associated with transmission via humans and armadillo?
Mycobacterium leprae
109
What organism causes osteomyelitis via an animal bite, cat bite, or dog bite?
Pasteurella multiocida
110
What organism causes epidemic typhus and is transmitted via a body louse?
Rickettsia prowazekii
111
What organism causes Rocket Mountain Spotted Fever and is transmitted by the Dermacentor ticks?
Ricketsia rickettsii
112
What organism causes the plague and is transmitted by a flea?
Yersinia pestis
113
In the southwest, Bartonella spp can cause what type of plague? This is associated with enlarged lymph nodes and hemorrhagic buboes.
Bubonic
114
Bartonella spp can cause bubonic plaque in the southwest areas. The buboes contain what type of marks?
Black and Blue marks
115
What intracellular organism may cause atypical pneumonia? This organism also causes Q fever.
Coxiella burnetii
116
This organism grows on Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract.
Francisella tularensis
117
What organism is a gram negative facultative anaerobic enterbacteriae?
Bartonella spp.
118
Gardnerella vaginalis. What type of vaginal discharge?
Gray vaginal discharge
119
Gardnerella vaginalis. What type of smell?
Fish-like odor
120
Gardnerella vaginalis. Is this caused by sexual transmission?
No, bacterial vaginosis is NOT caused by sexual transmission. However, sexual activity seems to be associated with this condition.
121
Gardnerella vaginalis. Caused by an overgrowth of what type of bacteria in the vagina?
Anaerobic bacteria
122
Gardnerella vaginalis. What type of cells are hallmark?
Clue cells
123
Rickettsial organisms are classified as what type of organisms?
Obligated intracellular organisms
124
Rickettsial organisms are treated by using what type of medication?
Doxycycline
125
Rickettsia rickettsii. What disease?
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
126
Rickettsia rickettsii. Vector?
Tick
127
Rickettsia rickettsii. Location?
South Atlantic States, especially NC
128
Rickettsia prowazekii. What type of typhus?
Epidemic
129
Rickettsia prowazekii. Vector?
Human body louse
130
Anaplasmosis. Vector?
Tick
131
Anaplasmosis. What type of structure is seen in the cytoplasm of granulocytes?
Morulae
132
Coxiella burnetii. Causes what fever?
Q Fever
133
Coxiella burnetii. What type of placenta releases spores that are inhaled as aerosols?
Cattle placenta
134
Coxiella burnetii. Q fever presents as what?
Pneumonia
135
Coxiella burnetii. Does Q fever present with a rash? Does it have a vector? Can the organism survive outside it endospore form?
No, Q Fever does not present with a rash and it does not have a sector. CB can survive outside its endospore form.
136
Chlamydiae. What type of organism?
Obligate intracellular organism
137
Chlamydiae. What "body" is the infectious form which enters the cell via endocytosis?
Elementary body
138
Chlamydiae. What "body" is the form that replicates in the cell by fission? It may reorganize into the elementary body.
Reticulate body
139
Chlamydiae. Which two medications can be used to treat infections?
Azithromycin and doxycycline
140
Chlamydiae. What type of inclusions are seen on a Giemsa stain or fluorescent antibody?
Cytoplasmic inclusions
141
Chlamydiae. What does the cell wall lack?
Muramic acid
142
What "body" is stained by Giemsa?
Reticulate body
143
Chlamydiae. What part of the male reproductive tract is usually targeted?
Epididymitis
144
Chlamydiae. Treatment for epididymitis includes which two drugs?
Ceftraixone and Doxycycline
145
Chlamydiae. What type of vaginal discharge?
Watery
146
Chlamydiae. What white blood cell will be increased?
Neutrophil
147
Chlamydiae types D-K cause what type of GU infection?
Urethritis
148
Chlamydiae types L1,L2, and L3 cause what disease?
Lymphogranuloma veneruem
149
Lymphogranuloma veneruem. What type of ulcers on the gentiles?
Painless
150
Lymphogranuloma veneruem. What type of inguinal lymph nodes?
Swollen painful lymph nodes (superficial and deep)
151
Lymphogranuloma veneruem. Treatment?
Doxycycline
152
Mycoplasma pneumonia. What type of pneumonia?
Atypical "walking" pneumonia
153
Headache, nonproductive cough, and a patchy diffuse interstitial infiltrate is what type of pneumonia?
Atypical "walking" pneumonia
154
Mycoplasma pneumonia. What type of agglutinin?
Cold agglutinins
155
Mycoplasma pneumonia. Growth on what agar?
Eaton
156
Mycoplasma pneumonia. Macrolide, doxycyline, and fluroquinolone can be used.
Penicillin ineffective medications are use because Mycoplasma does NOT have a cellular wall.
157
Mycoplasma pneumonia. Bacterial membrane contains what for stability?
Sterols
158
Mycoplasma pneumonia. Seen in patients younger than what age?
30
159
Mycoplasma pneumonia. Associated with what type of lymphadednopathy?
Bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
