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MIMM-211 final > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Role of fungi

A

Biodegradation

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2
Q

Bad side of fungi

A

Infection (Invasive and superficial mycoses)

Intoxication (aflatoxicosis, ergot alkaloid, toxic mushroome, toxic building syndroms)

Allergy

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3
Q

Good side of fungi

A

Pharmaceutical industry:
-Production of antibiotic (penicilin…)
-Production of other pharmaceutical (statins)

Food industry (Mushrooms, yeast, fermentation (beer, kimchi), cheese, enz/chem for drinks)

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4
Q

Most unknown kingdom

A

We know around only 10% of fun

Uncetain # species (1.5M-2M)

Today only 150 000 identified (we discover 1k-2k/year)

Wispread everywhere

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5
Q

What is a fungi

A

Eukaryote
Chitin-based cell wall
Heterotrophy
Unicellular
(A)sexual reproduction

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6
Q

Eukaryote

A

TRue nucleus

Protein secretory pathway (ER,Golgi)

Mitochodrion

Vacuole (like plants-but no chloroplasts)

Cytoplasmic membrane containsergosterol

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7
Q

Chitin-based cell wall

A

Cell wall=exoskeleton of fungal cells
Sugar on wall=protection+attack

Role: Structure, protection, exchange witht he env.+MAde of mostly poolysaccharides

Each species have a unique cell wall but all have chitin

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8
Q

Heterotrophy

A

Can’t make their own food, need to absorb
No vasculatory system so puke their stomach out–absorbe-suck it back up

Saportroph-Parasite-Symbiont-Predators

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9
Q

Saprotroph

A

feed on dead organic matters

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10
Q

Parasite

A

Need a hot (animal/plant)

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11
Q

Symbiont

A

PArtner with organism (fungi x other)

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12
Q

Predators

A

Trap and kill other organisms

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13
Q

Unicellular

A

Yeast: single cell (budding on fission)
Env. cues can initiate yeast transition to hyphae pseudohyphae

Mold: Filmentous tubular structure with mulitple nuclei, Hyphae can contain septa (Seperation of the hyphae into smaller section which can be closed in case of membrane rupture)
Mycelium is an ensemble of hyphae

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14
Q

(A)sexual reproduction

A

Anamorph=no sex=mitosis no need of partner+maintenance of valuable gene combination

Teleomorph=sex=meosis

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15
Q

Teleomorph

A

Heterothallic rep
Homothallic rep

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16
Q

Heterothallic

A

Sex with other mating type

17
Q

Homothallic

A

Sex with same mating type or some thallus

18
Q

Taxonomy key

A

Phylum: mycota
Sybphylum: Mycotina
Class: Mycete

19
Q

3 main group

A

Zoosporic fungi (most ancient)

Zygomycetous fungi

DIgarya SUbkindgom (most recent): Ascomycota and basidiomycota

20
Q

Zoosporic fungi (most ancient)

A

Primitive aquatic fungi
Lifestyle: Parasite/symbiont saprotroph

Anchared via rhizoid structure spread via zoospore (asexual)

21
Q

Zygomycetous fungi

A

Adaptation to life on land
Lifestyle: Saprotropj
Aseptated fiamented fungi
Spread via zygospore and/or sporangiophore

22
Q

Dikarya Subkindgom: Ascomycota (“sac fungi”)

A

Live as seperated filamentous fungi or yeast

Spread via ascospore and conidia

23
Q

Dikarya subkindom: BAsidiomycota (“little pedestal fungi”)

A

Live as seperated dilmentous fungi or yeast spread via basidiospores

24
Q

How they spread

A

animals
MAstering the wind

25
Q

Animals

A

Attracting: FRuiting body emerge with tremendous force can penetrate asphalt and pproduce a sticky sport mass smell like rotting meat that attract insect=carry away spores

Controlling: Infection lead to wild sex life and transmission

26
Q

Mastering thw ind

A

1-Spore formation
2-Spore release (Ballistrospory) surface tension catapult
3-Sport transpore (1B/day)

Usually no asexual sporulation, basidiomycota form complex fruiting bodies that produce basidiospores, increases dispersion by increasing surface area and elevation

27
Q

Fungi can wipe out entires species from the surface of Earth

A

Bd?Bsal are contributing to mass extinction event

Chytrids belong to Zoosporic fungi (biggest threat to animal diversity)
Some of the most dangerous invasive speci
Kilils by disryptint he skin functions leading to cardiac arrest originated from Asida and fuelledby international trade

Dutch elm disease started in Alberta
Deadly combo: Moutain pin beetles+n;ue stani fungus
Fungi colonizee the tree phloem and feed on the sap, leading tot he pine tree death

28
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31
Q
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MIMM-211 final (7 decks)

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