Mycology Flashcards
Yeasts (4)
Candida albicans, Candida non-albicans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Crytococcus neoformans
Dimorphic fungi (3)
Malassezia furfur, Sporothrix schenckii, Talaromyces marneffei
Mould (3)
Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes, Aspergillus spp., Dermatophytes
The cell membrane of fungi consists of…
ergosterols
Cell wall glycans for fungi (3)
mannan, glucan, chitin
The agar for all fungi…
SDA (Sabouraud dextrose agar)
The fungi that is common in DM patients… (2)
Candida albicans, Mucoromycetes
Germ tube test positive
Candida albicans
Candida non-albicans (5)
C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. auris
Fungi in chocolate production
Candida krusei
Candida causing prosthetic endocarditis
Candida parapsilosis
Microscopic feature: cup-shaped / “collapsed basketball”
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Fungi that require immunocompromised animal model
Pneumocystis jirovecii
toluidine blue O stain
Pneumocystis jirovecii
diploid with 8 chromosomes
Candida albicans
haploid with 14 chromosomes
Cryptococcus neoformans
India ink: halo
Cryptococcus neoformans
Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in pigeon droppings (serotype? epidemiology? patient?)
var. neoformans (A,D) (worldwide) (immunocompromised)
Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in eucalyptus camaldulensis tree (serotype) (epidemiology) (patient)
var. gattii (B, C) (tropics & subtropics) (immunocompetent)
lipid dependent fungi, associated with sebum
Malassezia furfur
Tinea versicolour
Malassezia furfur
Microscopic feature: Cigar-shaped
Sporothrix schenckii
Rose-gardener’s disease
Sporothrix schenckii
Diffusible red wine color pigment on agar
Talaromyces marneffei
Fungi that cause rhinocerebral abscess
Zygomycetes / Mucormycetes
Dermatophytes (3)
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
Geographical mycosis (2)
Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis
MC cause of opportunistic mycosis
Candida albicans
Antifungals for systemic Candida infection
Mild: azoles
Severe: amphotericin B (caspofungin if resistant)
Antifungal for oral or esophageal candidiasis
Nystatin
Diagnosis for Pneumocystis jirovecii (specimen, requirement)
Toluidine blue O stain of bronchoalveolar lavage (>5 cells per HPF)
Treatment / Prophylaxis for PCP (2)
Septrin, Pentamidine
Why dimorphic fungi is named so?
as yeasts when hot, as moulds when cold
Which fungi is associated with nodular lymphangitis?
Sporothrix schenckii
Which type of fungi is multicellular with branching hyphae?
Mould
Which fungi is unicellar with hyphae?
Candida albicans
Compare reproduction of yeasts vs moulds
budding vs spores
Fungi with non-septated branching hyphae
Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes
Fungi with septated hyphae
Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp.
Fungi with conidia forming semicircular palisade, conidiophores, acute angle branching, and septated hyphae
Aspergillus spp.
Which fungi produce aflatoxin?
Aspergillus flavus
Antifungals for Aspergillus spp. (2)
Mild: Voriconazole
Severe: Amphotericin B
Keratinophilic fungi
Dermatophytes
Which fungi is inhibited by sebum?
Dermatophytes
Diagnosis for dermatophytes (3)
(KOH preparation of specimen required)
Microscopy: Parker’s ink / lactophenol cotton blue stain
Agar: SDA
Clinical: Wood’s lamp
Antifungals for tinea
topical azoles
Antifungal for onychomycosis / tinea unguium
Terbinafine
Dermatophyte with thick-walled macroconidia
Microsporum
Dermatophytes with microconidia
Microsporum, Trichophyton
Dermatophyte with thin-walled macroconidia
Epidermophyton
Pathogen for “ring-worm” skin lesions
Dermatophytes
Pathogen for non-scarring patchy alopecia, kerion
Dermatophytes (tinea capitis)
Pathogens diagnosed by KOH preparation (why?) + lactophenol cotton blue stain
Dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur
KOH is used to digest keratin
Triad presentations in eumycetoma
tumour, sinus, macroscoipc grains
Which fungi was formerly mistaken for a protozoa?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Which two Candida are relatively more resistant to azoles?
C. glabrata, C. krusei
4 types of tinea
Tinea pedis, Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea unguium (onchomycosis)
Wood’s lamp positive
Microsporum spp.
Complications of Candidaemia (4)
Hepatosplenic abscess, Endocarditis, Endopthalmitis, Arthritis
Which fungal disease present with haemoptysis and why?
Invasive aspergillosis (Aspergillous is angio-invasive)