Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Yeasts (4)

A

Candida albicans, Candida non-albicans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Crytococcus neoformans

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2
Q

Dimorphic fungi (3)

A

Malassezia furfur, Sporothrix schenckii, Talaromyces marneffei

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3
Q

Mould (3)

A

Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes, Aspergillus spp., Dermatophytes

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4
Q

The cell membrane of fungi consists of…

A

ergosterols

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5
Q

Cell wall glycans for fungi (3)

A

mannan, glucan, chitin

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6
Q

The agar for all fungi…

A

SDA (Sabouraud dextrose agar)

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7
Q

The fungi that is common in DM patients… (2)

A

Candida albicans, Mucoromycetes

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8
Q

Germ tube test positive

A

Candida albicans

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9
Q

Candida non-albicans (5)

A

C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. auris

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10
Q

Fungi in chocolate production

A

Candida krusei

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11
Q

Candida causing prosthetic endocarditis

A

Candida parapsilosis

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12
Q

Microscopic feature: cup-shaped / “collapsed basketball”

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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13
Q

Fungi that require immunocompromised animal model

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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14
Q

toluidine blue O stain

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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15
Q

diploid with 8 chromosomes

A

Candida albicans

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16
Q

haploid with 14 chromosomes

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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17
Q

India ink: halo

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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18
Q

Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in pigeon droppings (serotype? epidemiology? patient?)

A

var. neoformans (A,D) (worldwide) (immunocompromised)

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19
Q

Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in eucalyptus camaldulensis tree (serotype) (epidemiology) (patient)

A

var. gattii (B, C) (tropics & subtropics) (immunocompetent)

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20
Q

lipid dependent fungi, associated with sebum

A

Malassezia furfur

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21
Q

Tinea versicolour

A

Malassezia furfur

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22
Q

Microscopic feature: Cigar-shaped

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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23
Q

Rose-gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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24
Q

Diffusible red wine color pigment on agar

A

Talaromyces marneffei

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25
Fungi that cause rhinocerebral abscess
Zygomycetes / Mucormycetes
26
Dermatophytes (3)
Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton
27
Geographical mycosis (2)
Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis
28
MC cause of opportunistic mycosis
Candida albicans
29
Antifungals for systemic Candida infection
Mild: azoles Severe: amphotericin B (caspofungin if resistant)
30
Antifungal for oral or esophageal candidiasis
Nystatin
31
Diagnosis for Pneumocystis jirovecii (specimen, requirement)
Toluidine blue O stain of bronchoalveolar lavage (>5 cells per HPF)
32
Treatment / Prophylaxis for PCP (2)
Septrin, Pentamidine
33
Why dimorphic fungi is named so?
as yeasts when hot, as moulds when cold
34
Which fungi is associated with nodular lymphangitis?
Sporothrix schenckii
35
Which type of fungi is multicellular with branching hyphae?
Mould
36
Which fungi is unicellar with hyphae?
Candida albicans
37
Compare reproduction of yeasts vs moulds
budding vs spores
38
Fungi with non-septated branching hyphae
Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes
39
Fungi with septated hyphae
Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp.
40
Fungi with conidia forming semicircular palisade, conidiophores, acute angle branching, and septated hyphae
Aspergillus spp.
41
Which fungi produce aflatoxin?
Aspergillus flavus
42
Antifungals for Aspergillus spp. (2)
Mild: Voriconazole Severe: Amphotericin B
43
Keratinophilic fungi
Dermatophytes
44
Which fungi is inhibited by sebum?
Dermatophytes
45
Diagnosis for dermatophytes (3)
(KOH preparation of specimen required) Microscopy: Parker's ink / lactophenol cotton blue stain Agar: SDA Clinical: Wood's lamp
46
Antifungals for tinea
topical azoles
47
Antifungal for onychomycosis / tinea unguium
Terbinafine
48
Dermatophyte with thick-walled macroconidia
Microsporum
49
Dermatophytes with microconidia
Microsporum, Trichophyton
50
Dermatophyte with thin-walled macroconidia
Epidermophyton
51
Pathogen for "ring-worm" skin lesions
Dermatophytes
52
Pathogen for non-scarring patchy alopecia, kerion
Dermatophytes (tinea capitis)
53
Pathogens diagnosed by KOH preparation (why?) + lactophenol cotton blue stain
Dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur KOH is used to digest keratin
54
Triad presentations in eumycetoma
tumour, sinus, macroscoipc grains
55
Which fungi was formerly mistaken for a protozoa?
Pneumocystis jirovecii
56
Which two Candida are relatively more resistant to azoles?
C. glabrata, C. krusei
57
4 types of tinea
Tinea pedis, Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea unguium (onchomycosis)
58
Wood's lamp positive
Microsporum spp.
59
Complications of Candidaemia (4)
Hepatosplenic abscess, Endocarditis, Endopthalmitis, Arthritis
60
Which fungal disease present with haemoptysis and why?
Invasive aspergillosis (Aspergillous is angio-invasive)