Mycology

Question 1

Yeasts (4)

Answer 1

Candida albicans, Candida non-albicans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Crytococcus neoformans

Question 2

Dimorphic fungi (3)

Answer 2

Malassezia furfur, Sporothrix schenckii, Talaromyces marneffei

Question 3

Mould (3)

Answer 3

Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes, Aspergillus spp., Dermatophytes

Question 4

The cell membrane of fungi consists of…

Answer 4

ergosterols

Question 5

Cell wall glycans for fungi (3)

Answer 5

mannan, glucan, chitin

Question 6

The agar for all fungi…

Answer 6

SDA (Sabouraud dextrose agar)

Question 7

The fungi that is common in DM patients… (2)

Answer 7

Candida albicans, Mucoromycetes

Question 8

Germ tube test positive

Answer 8

Candida albicans

Question 9

Candida non-albicans (5)

Answer 9

C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. auris

Question 10

Fungi in chocolate production

Answer 10

Candida krusei

Question 11

Candida causing prosthetic endocarditis

Answer 11

Candida parapsilosis

Question 12

Microscopic feature: cup-shaped / “collapsed basketball”

Answer 12

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 13

Fungi that require immunocompromised animal model

Answer 13

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 14

toluidine blue O stain

Answer 14

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 15

diploid with 8 chromosomes

Answer 15

Candida albicans

Question 16

haploid with 14 chromosomes

Answer 16

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 17

India ink: halo

Answer 17

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 18

Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in pigeon droppings (serotype? epidemiology? patient?)

Answer 18

var. neoformans (A,D) (worldwide) (immunocompromised)

Question 19

Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in eucalyptus camaldulensis tree (serotype) (epidemiology) (patient)

Answer 19

var. gattii (B, C) (tropics & subtropics) (immunocompetent)

Question 20

lipid dependent fungi, associated with sebum

Answer 20

Malassezia furfur

Question 21

Tinea versicolour

Answer 21

Malassezia furfur

Question 22

Microscopic feature: Cigar-shaped

Answer 22

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 23

Rose-gardener’s disease

Answer 23

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 24

Diffusible red wine color pigment on agar

Answer 24

Talaromyces marneffei

Question 25

Fungi that cause rhinocerebral abscess

Answer 25

Zygomycetes / Mucormycetes

Question 26

Dermatophytes (3)

Answer 26

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

Question 27

Geographical mycosis (2)

Answer 27

Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis

Question 28

MC cause of opportunistic mycosis

Answer 28

Candida albicans

Question 29

Antifungals for systemic Candida infection

Answer 29

Mild: azoles
Severe: amphotericin B (caspofungin if resistant)

Question 30

Antifungal for oral or esophageal candidiasis

Answer 30

Nystatin

Question 31

Diagnosis for Pneumocystis jirovecii (specimen, requirement)

Answer 31

Toluidine blue O stain of bronchoalveolar lavage (>5 cells per HPF)

Question 32

Treatment / Prophylaxis for PCP (2)

Answer 32

Septrin, Pentamidine

Question 33

Why dimorphic fungi is named so?

Answer 33

as yeasts when hot, as moulds when cold

Question 34

Which fungi is associated with nodular lymphangitis?

Answer 34

Sporothrix schenckii

Question 35

Which type of fungi is multicellular with branching hyphae?

Answer 35

Mould

Question 36

Which fungi is unicellar with hyphae?

Answer 36

Candida albicans

Question 37

Compare reproduction of yeasts vs moulds

Answer 37

budding vs spores

Question 38

Fungi with non-septated branching hyphae

Answer 38

Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes

Question 39

Fungi with septated hyphae

Answer 39

Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp.

Question 40

Fungi with conidia forming semicircular palisade, conidiophores, acute angle branching, and septated hyphae

Answer 40

Aspergillus spp.

Question 41

Which fungi produce aflatoxin?

Answer 41

Aspergillus flavus

Question 42

Antifungals for Aspergillus spp. (2)

Answer 42

Mild: Voriconazole
Severe: Amphotericin B

Question 43

Keratinophilic fungi

Answer 43

Dermatophytes

Question 44

Which fungi is inhibited by sebum?

Answer 44

Dermatophytes

Question 45

Diagnosis for dermatophytes (3)

Answer 45

(KOH preparation of specimen required)
Microscopy: Parker’s ink / lactophenol cotton blue stain
Agar: SDA
Clinical: Wood’s lamp

Question 46

Antifungals for tinea

Answer 46

topical azoles

Question 47

Antifungal for onychomycosis / tinea unguium

Answer 47

Terbinafine

Question 48

Dermatophyte with thick-walled macroconidia

Answer 48

Microsporum

Question 49

Dermatophytes with microconidia

Answer 49

Microsporum, Trichophyton

Question 50

Dermatophyte with thin-walled macroconidia

Answer 50

Epidermophyton

Question 51

Pathogen for “ring-worm” skin lesions

Answer 51

Dermatophytes

Question 52

Pathogen for non-scarring patchy alopecia, kerion

Answer 52

Dermatophytes (tinea capitis)

Question 53

Pathogens diagnosed by KOH preparation (why?) + lactophenol cotton blue stain

Answer 53

Dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur
KOH is used to digest keratin

Question 54

Triad presentations in eumycetoma

Answer 54

tumour, sinus, macroscoipc grains

Question 55

Which fungi was formerly mistaken for a protozoa?

Answer 55

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 56

Which two Candida are relatively more resistant to azoles?

Answer 56

C. glabrata, C. krusei

Question 57

4 types of tinea

Answer 57

Tinea pedis, Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea unguium (onchomycosis)

Question 58

Wood’s lamp positive

Answer 58

Microsporum spp.

Question 59

Complications of Candidaemia (4)

Answer 59

Hepatosplenic abscess, Endocarditis, Endopthalmitis, Arthritis

Question 60

Which fungal disease present with haemoptysis and why?

Answer 60

Invasive aspergillosis (Aspergillous is angio-invasive)