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MED4 MIC > Mycology > Flashcards

Mycology Flashcards

1
Q

Yeasts (4)

A

Candida albicans, Candida non-albicans, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Crytococcus neoformans

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2
Q

Dimorphic fungi (3)

A

Malassezia furfur, Sporothrix schenckii, Talaromyces marneffei

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3
Q

Mould (3)

A

Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes, Aspergillus spp., Dermatophytes

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4
Q

The cell membrane of fungi consists of…

A

ergosterols

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5
Q

Cell wall glycans for fungi (3)

A

mannan, glucan, chitin

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6
Q

The agar for all fungi…

A

SDA (Sabouraud dextrose agar)

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7
Q

The fungi that is common in DM patients… (2)

A

Candida albicans, Mucoromycetes

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8
Q

Germ tube test positive

A

Candida albicans

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9
Q

Candida non-albicans (5)

A

C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. auris

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10
Q

Fungi in chocolate production

A

Candida krusei

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11
Q

Candida causing prosthetic endocarditis

A

Candida parapsilosis

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12
Q

Microscopic feature: cup-shaped / “collapsed basketball”

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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13
Q

Fungi that require immunocompromised animal model

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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14
Q

toluidine blue O stain

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

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15
Q

diploid with 8 chromosomes

A

Candida albicans

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16
Q

haploid with 14 chromosomes

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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17
Q

India ink: halo

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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18
Q

Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in pigeon droppings (serotype? epidemiology? patient?)

A

var. neoformans (A,D) (worldwide) (immunocompromised)

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19
Q

Subtype of cryptococcus neoformans that is found in eucalyptus camaldulensis tree (serotype) (epidemiology) (patient)

A

var. gattii (B, C) (tropics & subtropics) (immunocompetent)

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20
Q

lipid dependent fungi, associated with sebum

A

Malassezia furfur

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21
Q

Tinea versicolour

A

Malassezia furfur

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22
Q

Microscopic feature: Cigar-shaped

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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23
Q

Rose-gardener’s disease

A

Sporothrix schenckii

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24
Q

Diffusible red wine color pigment on agar

A

Talaromyces marneffei

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25
Q

Fungi that cause rhinocerebral abscess

A

Zygomycetes / Mucormycetes

26
Q

Dermatophytes (3)

A

Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton

27
Q

Geographical mycosis (2)

A

Histoplasma capsulatum, Coccidiodes immitis

28
Q

MC cause of opportunistic mycosis

A

Candida albicans

29
Q

Antifungals for systemic Candida infection

A

Mild: azoles
Severe: amphotericin B (caspofungin if resistant)

30
Q

Antifungal for oral or esophageal candidiasis

A

Nystatin

31
Q

Diagnosis for Pneumocystis jirovecii (specimen, requirement)

A

Toluidine blue O stain of bronchoalveolar lavage (>5 cells per HPF)

32
Q

Treatment / Prophylaxis for PCP (2)

A

Septrin, Pentamidine

33
Q

Why dimorphic fungi is named so?

A

as yeasts when hot, as moulds when cold

34
Q

Which fungi is associated with nodular lymphangitis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

35
Q

Which type of fungi is multicellular with branching hyphae?

A

Mould

36
Q

Which fungi is unicellar with hyphae?

A

Candida albicans

37
Q

Compare reproduction of yeasts vs moulds

A

budding vs spores

38
Q

Fungi with non-septated branching hyphae

A

Zygomycetes / Mucoromycetes

39
Q

Fungi with septated hyphae

A

Candida albicans, Aspergillus spp.

40
Q

Fungi with conidia forming semicircular palisade, conidiophores, acute angle branching, and septated hyphae

A

Aspergillus spp.

41
Q

Which fungi produce aflatoxin?

A

Aspergillus flavus

42
Q

Antifungals for Aspergillus spp. (2)

A

Mild: Voriconazole
Severe: Amphotericin B

43
Q

Keratinophilic fungi

A

Dermatophytes

44
Q

Which fungi is inhibited by sebum?

A

Dermatophytes

45
Q

Diagnosis for dermatophytes (3)

A

(KOH preparation of specimen required)
Microscopy: Parker’s ink / lactophenol cotton blue stain
Agar: SDA
Clinical: Wood’s lamp

46
Q

Antifungals for tinea

A

topical azoles

47
Q

Antifungal for onychomycosis / tinea unguium

A

Terbinafine

48
Q

Dermatophyte with thick-walled macroconidia

A

Microsporum

49
Q

Dermatophytes with microconidia

A

Microsporum, Trichophyton

50
Q

Dermatophyte with thin-walled macroconidia

A

Epidermophyton

51
Q

Pathogen for “ring-worm” skin lesions

A

Dermatophytes

52
Q

Pathogen for non-scarring patchy alopecia, kerion

A

Dermatophytes (tinea capitis)

53
Q

Pathogens diagnosed by KOH preparation (why?) + lactophenol cotton blue stain

A

Dermatophytes, Malassezia furfur
KOH is used to digest keratin

54
Q

Triad presentations in eumycetoma

A

tumour, sinus, macroscoipc grains

55
Q

Which fungi was formerly mistaken for a protozoa?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

56
Q

Which two Candida are relatively more resistant to azoles?

A

C. glabrata, C. krusei

57
Q

4 types of tinea

A

Tinea pedis, Tinea capitis, Tinea corporis, Tinea unguium (onchomycosis)

58
Q

Wood’s lamp positive

A

Microsporum spp.

59
Q

Complications of Candidaemia (4)

A

Hepatosplenic abscess, Endocarditis, Endopthalmitis, Arthritis

60
Q

Which fungal disease present with haemoptysis and why?

A

Invasive aspergillosis (Aspergillous is angio-invasive)

MED4 MIC (8 decks)

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