mycoexams Flashcards

1
Q

Common cold is caused by
a. Mumps virus
b. Influenza virus
c. parainfluenza virus
d. measles virus

A

parainfluenza virus

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2
Q

Which can determine the viral load in a COVID-19 patient?
a. electron microcopy
b. in-situ hybridization
c. Real-time PCR
d. FISH

A

Real-time PCR

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3
Q

The primary infection of HSV-1 infection is seen as
a. Vesicles
b. Macules
c. Papules
d. All of the above.

A

Vesicles

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4
Q

Koplik spots are seen in infection by
a. mumps virus
b. rubella virus
c. Measles virus
d. parainfluenza virus

A

Measles virus

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5
Q

Which is true about collection, handling and transport of clinical specimen for
diagnosis of viral disease?

a. The tentative diagnosis of the requesting physician is important to the
laboratory.
b. Tissue samples must be transported in sodium hydroxide solution. 
c. The identity of the patient should not be given for data privacy
purposes
d. Specimen is best obtained at the second week of illness

A

The tentative diagnosis of the requesting physician is important to the laboratory.

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6
Q

Each of the following viruses possess double-stranded DNA as its genome
EXCEPT
a. Measles virus
b. Smallpox virus
c. Epstein-Barr virus
d. Chickenpox virus

A

Measles virus

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7
Q

Which of the following is implicated together with EBV as a cause infectious
mononucleosis?
a. CMV
b. HSV-1
c. Variola virus
d. VZV

A

CMV

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8
Q

Which antibody, when present in the serum of a newborn, indicates transfer
of maternal antibody and is protective?
a. IgG
b. IgE
c. IgM
d. IgA

A

a. IgG

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9
Q

Which of the following can be seen under the light microscope?
a. viral antibody
b. CPE on infected cells
c. Viral particle
d. viral antigen

A

CPE on infected cells

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10
Q

Which is derived from embryonic tissues?
a. secondary cell culture
b. continuous cell culture
c. Primary cell culture
d. Shell vial culture

A

secondary cell culture

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11
Q

Pandemics and epidemics of influenza are associated with one of the following
a. genetic reassortment
b. antigenic drift
c. spread by mosquito vectors \
d. changes in RNP

A

a. genetic reassortment

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12
Q

The last known case of smallpox was seen in
a. 1975
b. 1979
c. 1977
d. 1960

A

1977

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13
Q

Which should NOT be used to obtain swabs for viral diagnosis?
a. Cotton
b. Ca alginate
c. Nylon
d. Dacron

A

Ca alginate

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14
Q

Which has the H and N antigens on separate glycoprotein spikes?
a. parainfluenza virus
b. Mumps virus
c. Influenza virus
d. Measles virus

A

Influenza virus

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15
Q

Detection of specific antibodies against EBV uses
a. Viral capsid Ag (VCA)
b. Vesicular fluid
c. Horse RBC
d. Sheep RBC

A

Viral capsid Ag (VCA)

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16
Q

Which has the LEAST life span?
a. semi-continuous cell culture
b. primary cell culture
c. continuous cell line
d. diploid cell line

A

primary cell culture

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17
Q

Which is transmissible through the placental barrier?
a. rubella virus
b. mumps virus
c. Measles virus
d. parainfluenza virus

A

rubella virus

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18
Q

The following have available vaccine in the form of live attenuated virus
EXCEPT
a. Measles
b. rubella
c. RSV
d. mumps

A

RSV

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19
Q

Based on its structure, which family of viruses is most likely transmitted by
organ transplant or blood transfusion?
a. Picornaviridae
b. Papillomaviridae
c. Retroviridae
d. Parvoviridae

A

Retroviridae

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20
Q

To visualize the morphology of influenza virus, which is the best microscope
to use?
a. fluorescent
b. electron
c. Light
d. phase contrast

A

electron

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21
Q

Which has complex symmetry?
a. Orthomyxovirus
b. EBV
c. VZV
d. Smallpox virus

A

Smallpox virus

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22
Q

Paul Bunnel test will diagnose
a. VZV infection
b. EBV infection
c. CMV infection
d. Smallpox infection

A

EBV infection

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23
Q

What is the most important requirement for a virus to multiply in culture?
a. blood
b. cells
c. a protein
d. DNA polymerase

A

cells

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24
Q

Which step in viral multiplication involves fusion of viral envelope to the host
cell membrane?
a. uncoating
b. release
c. penetration
d. Adsorption

A

penetration

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25
Q

Viruses that do not exhibit CPE in cell culture may be detected by
a. appearance of vacuoles in cells
b. appearance of syncytia 
c. hemagglutination
d. Hemolysis

A

hemagglutination

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26
Q

A young female presents with large pustules over her face, arms, and palms.
All pustules were about the same size and at about the same developmental
stage. Tests for varicella and herpes simplex were negative. Examination of
exfoliated cells in the pustules would show

a. Multinucleated cells with owl s eye inclusions
b. Multinucleated cells with cytoplasmic inclusions
c. Cells with both nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
d. Multinucleated cells with nuclear inclusions

A

Multinucleated cells with cytoplasmic inclusions

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27
Q

DNA probes are
a. used to detect viral antigens
b. used to prime DNA synthesis in PCR
c. metallic tips connected to a machine and are moved to locate the
presence of any DNA
d. known sequence of DNA that is complementary to target DNA

A

known sequence of DNA that is complementary to
target DNA

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28
Q

The most rapid definitive method of diagnosis of a genital herpes simplex
infection in a 20-year old man is

a. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen in vesicle fluid.
b. Titer of serum or seminal fluid for antibodies to herpes simplex
c. Detection of anti-herpes simplex antibody in seminal fluid
d. Cell culture of vesicle fluid

A

Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen in vesicle fluid

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29
Q

Which uses its genome as mRNA?
a. Orthomyxoviridae
b. Hepadnaviridae
c. Filoviridae
d. Picornaviridae

A

Picornaviridae

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30
Q

Which is LEAST accurate concerning herpes simplex?
a. Cold sores are recurrences of genital herpes
b. Herpetic whitlow may be caused by HSV-2
c. HSV-1 more occurs in young children than in adults
d. Immunodeficiency state triggers reactivation of latent infections

A

Cold sores are recurrences of genital herpes

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31
Q

Which multiplies in the nucleus?
a. Picornaviridae
b. Filoviridae
c. Rhabdoviridae
d. Herpesviridae

A

Herpesviridae

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32
Q

Which of the following will NOT support the growth of viruses in culture?
a. organ culture
b. enriched agar medium
c. Animals
d. chick embryo

A

enriched agar medium

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33
Q

The presence of virus growth in culture is indicated by the appearance of
a. Colonies
b. ballooning of cells
c. Growth in 24 hours
d. all of the above

A

b. ballooning of cells

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34
Q

To detect HSV antigen directly in cells of a vesicular lesion, which would you
use?
a. Isolation using shell vial culture
b. ELISA
c. immunofluorescence technique
d. PCR

A

immunofluorescence technique

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35
Q

Which has ds-RNA?
a. Reoviridae
b. Parvoviridae
c. Bunyaviridae
d. Retroviridae

A

Reoviridae

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36
Q

Guarnieri bodies are seen in infections caused by
a. Variola virus
b. VZV
c. HSV-1
d. HSV-2

A

Variola virus

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37
Q

Burkitts lymphoma is caused by
a. EBV
b. HSV-2
c. Measles virus
d. CMV

A

EBV

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38
Q

A young female presents with large pustules over her face, arms, and palms.
All pustules were about the same size and at about the same developmental
stage. Tests for varicella and herpes simplex were negative. The physical
characteristics of the causative virus consists of

a. ds-RNA, helical, in segments and no envelope
b. ds-DNA, icosahedral, with envelope 
c. ss-DNA and no envelope
d. ds-DNA, complex, with envelope

A

ds-DNA, complex, with envelope

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39
Q

Which infects the salivary glands, testes, ovary, pancreas and meninges?
a. rubella virus
b. mumps virus
c. parainfluenza virus
d. Measles virus

A

mumps virus

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40
Q

At which step of viral multiplication does a virus acquire its envelope?
a. Penetration
b. Synthetic phase
c. release
d. assembly

A

release

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41
Q

Which is the most sensitive method for detection of virus in clinical
specimens?
a. PCR
b. Immunofluorescence
c. dot blot
d. culture

A

PCR

42
Q

A 36-year-old auto mechanic has several small lesions on the foreskin of his
penis. Fluid taken from one lesion was stained with Papanicolaou stain. What
type of inclusion bodies will most likely be seen?
a. Guarnieri bodies
b. Owl s eye inclusion bodies
c. Cowdry Type A bodies
d. Negri bodies

A

Cowdry Type A bodies

43
Q

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) cannot be isolated in cell culture. Which will LEAST lead
to a specific diagnosis?
a. presence of CPE on shell vial
b. detection of HBV antigen in specimen
c. Detection of HBV genome in blood
d. detection of HBV antibody in the serum

A

presence of CPE on shell vial

44
Q

Culture of CMV is done on
a. HeLa cells
b. Human diploid fibroblasts
c. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells
d. Primary monkey kidney cells

A

Human diploid fibroblasts

45
Q

To detect the presence of Adenovirus genome in a specimen, which
technique will you use?
a. shell vial culture
b. Dot blot
c. ELISA
d. Immunofluorescence

A

Dot blot

46
Q

Which multiplies in the cytoplasm?
a. Retroviridae
b. Poxviridae
c. Hepadnaviridae
d. Adenoviridae

A

Poxviridae

47
Q

Owl s eye inclusion bodies are seen in infections caused by
a. Smallpox virus
b. HSV-1
c. VZV
d. CMV

A

CMV

48
Q

Which of the following has a positive ss-RNA genome?
a. Flaviviridae
b. Arenaviridae
c. Rhabdoviridae
d. Paramyxoviridae

A

Flaviviridae

49
Q

Alastrim is described as
a. a sexually transmitted poxvirus
b. an infection derived from cows
c. mild form of smallpox
d. caused by vaccinia virus

A

mild form of smallpox

50
Q

Which type of antibody indicates that the newborn has congenital infection
by German measles virus?
a. IgD
b. IgA
c. IgG
d. IgM

A

IgM

51
Q

Which is NOT associated with parainfluenza virus?
a. Common cold
b. orchitis
c. croup
d. pneumonitis

A

orchitis

52
Q

Example of primary cell culture
a. Monkey kidney cell culture
b. HeLa cell culture
c. Hep2 cell culture
d. human embryonic kidney cell culture

A

Monkey kidney cell culture

53
Q

Togaviridae is characterized by
a. +ss-RNA icosahedral, enveloped
b. -ss-RNA icosahedral naked
c. +ss-RNA helical naked
d. -ss-RNA helical enveloped

A

+ss-RNA icosahedral, enveloped

54
Q

Which of the following is preventable by the use of live attenuated virus
vaccine?
a. HSV-2
b. VZV
c. HSV-1
d. CMV

A

VZV

55
Q

Antigenic shift in influenza virus occurs due to
a. genetic reassortment of segmented genome
b. transmission of human virus to birds
c. Mutation of the H protein
d. Mutation of the N protein

A

genetic reassortment of segmented genome

56
Q

Which has naked nucleocapsid??
a. Flaviviridae
b. Paramyxoviridae
c. Hepadnaviridae
d. Adenoviridae

A

Adenoviridae

57
Q

In aseptic meningitis, which clinical specimen must be collected for possible
isolation of the viral agent?
a. sputum
b. CSF
c. throat swab
d. Stool

A

CSF

58
Q

Which frequently undergoes mutation?
a. Measles virus
b. influenza virus
c. parainfluenza virus
d. mumps virus

A

influenza virus

59
Q

Which of the following causes proliferation of several clones of B cells, making the antibodies produced to be non-specific?
a. HHV-6
b. HHV-8
c. CMV
d. HHV-7

A

CMV

60
Q

Inflammation of the parotid glands is caused by
a. measles virus
b. influenza virus
c. mumps virus
d. rubella virus

A

mumps virus

61
Q

Which virus that causes infection in pregnant women would causes
congenital abnormalities including mental retardation, blindness,
microcephaly, and hearing impairment?
a. VZV
b. HSV-2
c. Variola virus
d. CMV

A

CMV

62
Q

Which is NOT true about a virus?
a. It can reproduce only inside cells.
b. It uses host biochemical machineries.
c. The envelope is susceptible to drying and destruction in the
environment.
d. It has both DNA and RNA.

A

It has both DNA and RNA.

63
Q

Vaccinia virus is a derivative of
a. Chickenpox virus
b. Tanapox virus
c. Cowpox virus
d. Smallpox virus

A

Cowpox virus

64
Q

Has ds-DNA, icosahedral, enveloped
a. Papillomaviridae
b. Herpesviridae
c. Adenoviridae
d. Parvoviridae

A

Herpesviridae

65
Q

The brain of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis most likely
contains
a. rubella virus
b. mumps virus
c. Measles virus
d. parainfluenza virus

A

Measles virus

66
Q

A young father of two children complained of a painful rash on the torso of his body. The children had been diagnosed with chickenpox and confined to their home. The father experienced chickenpox as a child and he knew he did
not have the same rash as his children. What is the likely infection in the
father?

A

Zoster

67
Q

Which is the correct sequence in virus multiplication cycle?
a. Uncoating, penetration, adsorption, synthesis, assembly, release
b. Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release
c. Penetration, adsorption, uncoating, assembly, synthesis, release
d. Adsorption, uncoating, penetration, synthesis, assembly, release

A

Adsorption, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, release

68
Q

Which of the following is LEAST accurate regarding infections by the members
of Paramyxoviridae
a. RSV is the most common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonitis in
infants
b. Diagnosis of mumps usually requires isolation of the virus
c. Diagnosis of measles is usually based on clinical manifestations
d. Parainfluenza type 1 virus is the most common cause of croup in
young children

A

Diagnosis of mumps usually requires isolation of the virus

69
Q

Which of the following viruses is relative resistant to adverse environmental
conditions?
a. Coronaviridae
b. Picornaviridae
c. Herpesviridae
d. Orthomyxoviridae

A

Picornaviridae

70
Q

A blueberry muffin baby is infected with
a. measles virus
b. rubella virus
c. influenza virus
d. mumps virus

A

rubella virus

71
Q

Which is derived from normal adult tissues?
a. continuous cell culture
b. Semi-continuous cell culture
c. Primary cell culture
d. secondary cell culture

A

Primary cell culture

72
Q

Which technique is used to detect the presence of influenza virus in culture?
a. hemadsorption test
b. complement fixation
c. Tzank test
d. neutralization test

A

hemadsorption test

73
Q

Which is the function of hemagglutinin in Orthomyxoviridae?
a. Causes CPE on cell culture
b. Cleaves sialic acid on glycoproteins
c. Causes fusion of cells, forming syncytia
d. Attachment to sialic acid receptors on epithelial cells

A

Attachment to sialic acid receptors on epithelial cells

74
Q

Antigenic drift occurs by
a. point mutation in RNP antigen
b. point mutation in the H antigen
c. antigenic mixing of two different strains of virus
d. reassortment of the segmented genomes of animal and human
strains of virus

A

point mutation in the H antigen

75
Q

How long before virus growth can be observed in conventional culture?
a. one week
b. 4 weeks
c. 48 hours
d. 24 hours

A

4 weeks

76
Q

Which type of influenza virus causes pandemics
a. Type B
b. Type D
c. Type A
d. Type C

A

Type A

77
Q

Antigenic shift occurs in influenza virus
a. Type D
b. Type A
c. Type B
d. Type C

A

Type A

78
Q

A neutralization test was done to identify the virus isolated from a case of
aseptic meningitis in a 10-year-old boy. The results were as follows:

(Virus + anti-coxsackie A6) ——> Result: Ballon of cells
(Virus + anti-coxsackie B4) ——> no changes in the cells
(Virus + anti-poliovirus 1) ——> ballooning of cells

Which is the causative agent?
a. Coxsackie A6
b. coxsackie B4
c. poliovirus 1
d. A and C only

A

poliovirus 1

79
Q

Viral tropism refers to
a. the binding of a virus to a specific antibody
b. the attraction of a WBC towards the site of the virus
c. the ability of a virus to multiply in a cell
d. affinity of a virus to a specific cell type or organ

A

affinity of a virus to a specific cell type or organ

80
Q

A neutralization test was done to identify the virus isolated from a case of
influenza-like illness in a 12-year old girl. Positive result was obtained using
specific anti-HSV-1 which is seen as

a. presence of hemagglutination
b. presence of CPE
c. absence of CPE
d. absence of hemagglutination

A

absence of CPE

81
Q

Which is true about shell vial culture?
a. Bottles or petri dishes are used to grow cells
b. CPE is difficult to observe
c. Only one type of cell can be cultured at a time
d. Viruses can be detected within 1 to 2 days by detecting early antigens

A

Viruses can be detected within 1 to 2 days by detecting early antigens

82
Q

Which of the following statements is LEAST accurate?
a. Enveloped viruses are released from the host cell by budding.
b. Coronavirus is more likely to cause inflammatory reaction than
Picornavirus.
c. Naked viruses are more likely to be transmitted by fomites than
enveloped viruses.
d. Antibody is sufficient to protect an individual from enveloped virus
infection.

A

Antibody is sufficient to protect an individual from
enveloped virus infection.

83
Q

Number of serotypes of mumps virus
a. 4
b. 2
c. 1
d. 3

A

1

84
Q

TZANK test is positive in the following infections EXCEPT:
a. VZV
b. CMV
c. HSV-1
d. HSV-2

A

CMV

85
Q

Which has -ss-RNA, helical, enveloped
a. Paramyxoviridae
b. Picornaviridae
c. Caliciviridae
d. Reoviridae

A

Paramyxoviridae

86
Q

Which viral component is host-derived?
a. glycoprotein spike
b. capsid
c. RNA polymerase
d. envelope

A

envelope

87
Q

Example of semi-continuous cell culture
a. human embryonic kidney cell culture
b. Monkey kidney cell culture
c. Hep2 cell culture
d. HeLa cell culture

A

human embryonic kidney cell culture

88
Q

Which of the has/have reverse transcriptase?
a. Hepadnaviridae
b. Picornaviridae
c. Orthomyxoviridae
d. Herpesviridae

A

Hepadnaviridae

89
Q

To determine whether a virus has icosahedral or spherical shape, the
technique used should be
a. immunofluorescence
b. dot blot
c. electron microcopy
d. Light microscopy

A

electron microcopy

90
Q

Heterophile antibodies are able to agglutinate RBC of
a. sheep
b. goat
c. bovine
d. all of the above

A

all of the above

91
Q

Which of the following would be easily destroyed gastric juice?
a. Adenovirus
b. Picornavirus
c. Calicivirus
d. Orthomyxovirus

A

Orthomyxovirus

92
Q

Which type of influenza virus infects not only man but also animals
a. Type C
b. Type B
c. Type A
d. Type D

A

Type A

93
Q

Kaposi s sarcoma, which usually develops among AIDS patients, is caused by
a. HHV-6
b. HHV-2
c. HHV-5
d. HHV-8

A

HHV-8

94
Q

Antibody against this influenza virus component is protective
a. M protein
b. hemagglutinin
c. ribonucleoprotein
d. neuraminidase

A

hemagglutinin

95
Q

Which will support the widest range of viruses?
a. continuous cell culture
b. secondary cell culture
c. Semi-continuous cell culture
d. Primary cell culture

A

Primary cell culture

96
Q

Sacral nerve ganglia are MOST likely the sites of latency of
a. HSV-2
b. VZV
c. EBV
d. HSV-1

A

HSV-2

97
Q

Rubella virus belongs to the family
a. Poxviridae
b. Flaviviridae
c. Togaviridae
d. Orthomyxoviridae

A

Togaviridae

98
Q

Several small, pink, wart-like growths are found on the torso, arms and back
of young man. Examination of the lesion proved that the growth is benign.
This infection is most likely
a. Monkeypox
b. Molluscum contagiosum
c. Chickenpox
d. Pseudocowpox

A

Molluscum contagiosum

99
Q

An enveloped virus attaches to a susceptible cell through its
a. peplomer
b. capsomere
c. capsid
d. glycoprotein spike

A

glycoprotein spike

100
Q

The smallest animal virus is characterized by
a. ss-DNA, icosahedral, naked
b. ds-DNA, icosahedral, enveloped
c. ds-DNA, icosahedral, naked
d. ss-RNA, icosahedral, naked

A

ss-DNA, icosahedral, naked