Mycobacterial disease Flashcards
What are some slow growing Mycobacteria?
MTB complex such as M bovis BCG and M tuberculosis
M avium complex. such as M avium and M intracellulare
What are some rapid growing mycobacteria?
M abscessus complex - Affects CF and bronchiectasis patients
What do mycobacteria look like?
Non motile rod shaped
Slow growing
How to we stain for mycobacteria?
Auramine - Immuniflorescence
Ziehl Neissan
Where can non TB mycobacteria (NTM) be found
Water
Soil
They form biofilms
What are some slow growing NTM and which places do they invade?
Mycobacterium chimera - Cardiothoracic procedures
Mycobacterium marinum - Swimming pool granuloma
Mycobacterium ulcerans - Skin lesions such as bairnsdale and buruli ulcers
What are some rapid growing NTM?
M abscessus and M chelonae and M fortuitum
Seen in tattoo infections, CF and bronchiectasis
How tp diagnose NTM?
Positive culture > 1 sputum sample OR \+ve BAL OR \+ve biopsy with granulomata
How is NTM treated?
Macrolides - Clarithromycin/Azithromycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, amikacin/streptomycin
Combination therapy
Need to do susceptibility testing
Or surgical removal
What are the 2 ways Mycobacterium leprae / lepresy present?
Low count of basili - Paucibacillary tb
Mutlibacillary lepromatous
What is someone’s life time risl of developing TB if they have close contact of a person with pulmonary TB?
10%
What are the symptoms primary TB?
Ghon focus/complex
Erythema nodosum
May be disseminated/milliary
What are the chances of latent TB resurfacing?
10%
What can you see in a cxr of pulmonary tb?
Caseating granulomas - Commonly in upper lobe
Mediastinal LNs
What are some extra pulmonary lymphadenopathy symptoms of TB?
\Scrofula is the most common form
Cervical lymph nodes are most commonly involved
Abscesses and sinuses can be formed
This is also a common presentation of BCGitis (occurs when children are given the BCG vaccination and they cannot control the BCG immunisation, thus having a certain degree of involvement of lymph nodes)
