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mycobacteria Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

acid fastness property of mycobacterium is mainly due to

A

organism’s high content of mycolic acids, long
chained cross-linked fatty acids and other cell
wall lipids

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2
Q

treatment regimen for M. tb for initial therapy

A

Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamide
ethambutol

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3
Q

Routine culture uses

A

nonselective egg medium

Lowenstein-Jensen or Middlebrook 7H10

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4
Q

Typical TB lesion

A

epithelioid granuloma w/ central caseation

necrosis

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5
Q

Bacilli proliferate locally & spread through the

lymphatics to a hilar node, forming

A

Ghon complex

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6
Q

4 cellular zones

A

1.central caseation necrosis
2. inner cellular zone of epithelioid macrophages&
Langhans giant cells admixed with lymphocytes
3. outer cellular zone of lymphocytes, plasma cells, &
immature macrophages
4.rim of fibrosis in healing lesions

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7
Q

3 zones of productive lesions

A

Central area of large, multinucleated giant cells
containing tubercle bacilli
─ A mid zone of pale epithelioid cells, often
arranged radially
─ Peripheral zone of fibroblasts, lymphocytes and
monocytes

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8
Q

consists of an acute inflammatory reaction with edema fluid, PMN leukocytes, and later monocytes around the tuberfcle bacilli

A

exudative lesion

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9
Q

mycobacteria reide principally intracellularly where

A

monocytes

Reticuloendothelial cells and giant cells

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10
Q

If a person has ever been exposed to the TB bacteria
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis), the skin will react to the
antigens by developing

A

firm red bump at the site

w/in 2 days – induration, edema, erythema

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11
Q

Done by putting a small amount of TB protein (antigens)
under the top layer of skin on the inner forearm.
(intradermal)

A

tuberculin skin test

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12
Q

disadvantage of tuberculin skin test

A

can’t tell how long px is infected & if infection’s latet or active

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13
Q

most often site of infection of tb in the lungs

A

at the bae

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14
Q

reactivation TB is char by

A

chronic tissue lesions, formation of tubercles, caseation and fibrosis

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15
Q

reactivation type almost begins at the apex of the lung, why

A

oxygen tension is highest

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16
Q

LV

A

Lupus vulgaris

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17
Q

SD

A

Scrofuloderma

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18
Q

MTA

A

Metastatic tuberculosis abscess

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19
Q

(AMT)

A

Acute miliary tuberculosis

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20
Q

OT

A

Orificial tuberculosis (

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21
Q

PIT

A

Primary inoculation Tuberculosis

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22
Q

TVC):

A

Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis

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23
Q

lymphadenitis or tuberculosis of bones & joints,

results in

A

SD

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24
Q

lymphatic spread to skin, results

A

LV

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25
Q

hematogenous dissemination, results in

A

AMT, LV, or

MTA

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26
Q

initial lesion due to direct infection of the skin or
mucous membranes from an outside source of
mycobacteria lesion

A

Primary-inoculation TB or Tuberculous chancre

27
Q

asymptomatic, firm shallow, crust-covered ulcers w/ a

granular base

A

Primary-inoculation TB or Tuberculous chancre

28
Q

Occurs after direct inoculation of TB into the skin
in someone who has been previously infected w/
mycobacteria

A

Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis

29
Q

Presents as a purplish or brownish-red warty growth
Lesions most often occur on the knees, elbows,
hands, feet & buttocks

A

Tuberculosis Verrucosa Cutis

30
Q

Initial flat papule is ill-defined and soft and evolves

into well-defined, irregular plaque.

A

Lupus Vulgaris

31
Q 
Small sharply defined reddish-brown lesions w/ a
gelatinous consistency (called apple-jelly nodules)
A

• Lupus Vulgaris

32
Q

Skin lesions result from direct extension of underlying
TB infection of lymph nodes, bone or joints.
• Often associated w/ TB of the lungs

A

SCROFULDERMA

33
Q

SD most often results from

A

continuous spread from
affected lymph nodes or tuberculous bones (phalanges,
sternum, ribs) or joints

34
Q

Chronic TB infection that has spread from the primary
infection (usually in the lungs) to other organs & tissues
via the bloodstream

A

MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS

35
Q

rare manifestation of fulminant miliary TB resulting
from hematogenous spread of mycobacteria to
multiple organs, including skin

A

Miliary TB of the skin

36
Q

histological char of miliary TB of the skin

A

lesions show microabscesses w/tissue

necrosis & nonspecific inflammatory infiltrates

37
Q

Generalized exanthem in patients w/ moderate or high
degree of immunity to TB because of previous infection;
usually in good health with no identifiable focus of active
TB in skin or elsewhere

A

TUBERCULID

38
Q 
presents as recurring nodules or lumps on the back of
the legs (mostly women) that may ulcerate and scar.
It is a type of nodular vasculitis
A

Erythema induratum (Bazin disease)

39
Q

results in crops of recurrent crusted skin papules on
knees, elbows, buttocks or lower trunk that heal with
scarring after about 6 weeks

A

Papulonecrotic tuberculid

40
Q

extending eruption of small follicular papules in young

persons w/ underlying TB

A

Lichen scrofulosorum

41
Q

Also called tuberculous gumma

A

METASTATIC TUBERCULOUS ABSCES

42
Q

Hematogenous infection of the skin from an internal
lesion may result in a large dermal or subcutaneous
nodule that is necrotic & ultimately ulcerates the
epidermis

A

METASTATIC TUBERCULOUS ABSCES

43
Q

Small yellowish nodule on mucosa breaks down to
form painful circular or irregular ulcer w/ undermined
borders & pseudomembranous material

A

• Orificial Tuberculosis

44
Q

Subcutaneous abscess, nontender, “cold,” fluctuant

A

METASTATIC TUBERCULOUS ABSCES

45
Q

the standard diagnostic skin test for tuberculosis

A

MANTOUX TEST

46
Q

The PPD contains a very small amount of tuberculosis

proteins, called

A

antigens.

47
Q

TVC: is characterized by

A

massive
pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of epidermis and
abscesses.

48
Q

the infection commences as a cutaneous nodule that
ulcerates down to fat & bone w/ extensive undermining
of the epidermis

A

MYCOBACTERIUM ULCERANS

49
Q

antecedent factor in M ulcerans

A

penetrating trauma

50
Q

an infectious disease that is characterized by disfiguring

skin sores & nerve damage

A

LEPROSY

51
Q

enzyme characteristic

of leprosy bacilli

A

O-diphenoloxidase

52
Q

Positive lepromin skin test

A

TUBERCULOID

53
Q

in tuberculoid TB Skin is infiltrated with

A

helper T cells

54
Q

more severe leprosy, contagious & may be transmitted from
person to person

A

LEPROMATOUS

55
Q

Negative lepromin skin test

A

LEPROMATOUS

56
Q

in lepromatous
leproy Cell –mediated immunity is markedly deficient the skin
is infiltrated with

A

suppressor T Cells

57
Q

can be used to distinguish between tuberculoid &

lepromatous leprosy

A

Lepromin skin test

58
Q

standard combination for the treatment of leprosy

A

dapsone, rifampin &

clofazimine.

59
Q

Other antibiotics used to treat leprosy

A

ethionamide, minocycline

clarithromycin, ofloxacin

60
Q

hallmark of infections with M tuberculosis

A

granulomas

61
Q

You observe a 40-year-old man begging on a street in a town
in India. He has clawing of the fourth and fifth digits with loss
of distal parts of the digits of both hands, strongly suggesting
leprosy. The causative agent of this disease
(A) Is susceptible to isoniazid and rifampin
(B) Grows in parts of the body that are cooler than 37°C
(C) Can be cultured in the laboratory using Middlebrook 7H11
medium
(D) Is seen in high numbers in biopsies of tuberculoid leprosy
lesions
(E) Commonly infects people in Texas because armadillos are
hosts of Mycobacterium leprae

A

B

62
Q

produce

pigment in light but not in darkness

A

Photochromogens

63
Q

develop pigment when growing in the dark

A

scotochromogens

64
Q

nonpigmented or have

light tan or buff-colored colonies

A

nonchromogens

Microbiology (6 decks)

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