Mutations, Repair, and Biotechnology Quiz Flashcards
Any inherited change in the genetic material is called:
alternative allele
a phenotype plasticity
a mutation
a conditional allele
genotypic plasticity
a mutation
A transposable element is found to use RNA as an intermediate in transposition. On the basis of this information, which of the following would you expect to be CORRECT?
It is not able to cause mutation
It is a replicative DNA transposon
It is a retrotransposon
It is a nonreplicative DNA transposon
It is a retrotransposon
Which of the following types of DNA repair would involve a glycosylase enzyme?
mismatch repair
homologous recombination
base-excision repair
direct repair
nucleotide-excision repair
base-excision repair
Which of the following DNA repair systems repairs pyrimidine dimers in humans?
Non-homologous end joining
base-excision repair
nucleotide-excision repair
Recombination
mismatch repair
nucleotide-excision repair
Which type of double strand break repair will most likely be more accurate?
Non-homologous end joining
Homologous recombination
Both have the same level of accuracy
Homologous recombination
Select all (3) of the answers below that are consistent with a somatic cell mutation.
Sometimes a mutant cell expands through mitosis and creates a clonal population of mutant cells in a tissue.
Every cell in an individual will have the mutation
The mutation occurs in a cell or cells NOT associated with reproduction
The mutation in the somatic cell usually affects germ cells and/or gamete cells.
The mutation is passed on to additional cells through mitosis only
The mutation is passed on to progeny
Sometimes a mutant cell expands through mitosis and creates a clonal population of mutant cells in a tissue.
The mutation occurs in a cell or cells NOT associated with reproduction
The mutation is passed on to additional cells through mitosis only
The sequences below show the nontemplate DNA for a very short, hypothetical coding sequence for a small polypeptide. The nontemplate codons and the corresponding amino acids are shown below it for a wild-type sequence and a mutant sequence. Define the type of mutation that has occurred in the mutant. Select ALL (3) appropriate terms:
insertion
silent
missense
base substitution
transversion
transition
nonsense
Base substitution, transition, nonsense
The sequences below show the nontemplate DNA for a very short, hypothetical coding sequence for a small polypeptide. The contemplate codons and the corresponding amino acids are shown below it for a wild-type sequence and a mutant sequence. Define the type of mutation that has occurred in the mutant. Select ALL (3) appropriate terms.
insertion
silent
missense
base substitution
transversion
Silent, transversion, base substitution
The sequences below show the nontemplate DNA for a very short, hypothetical coding sequence for a small polypeptide. The nontemplate codons and the corresponding amino acids are shown below it for a wild-type sequence and a mutant sequence. Define the type of mutation that has occurred in the mutant. Select ALL (3) appropriate terms.
insertion
silent
missense
base substitution
transversion
Transversion, missense, base substitution
What test, that uses bacteria, is used to determine if a new chemical is a mutagen?
Coagulase test
Restriction enzyme digestion
Ames test
PCR
Trypsin test
Ames Test
Which of the following is described as a molecular scissors?
polymerases
ligases
reverse transcriptases
helicases
restriction enzymes
Restriction enzymes
Which of the following is NOT a component required for PCR?
DNA polymerase
Nucleotides
Template DNA
Primers
DNA ligase
DNA ligase
Which two primer pair sequences would work to PCR amplify the double-stranded DNA target sequence shown below (the whole thing)?
5’ GGCTGAGT 3’ and 5’ TAGCAAGC 3’
5’ TACTCACC 3’ and 5’ GGTGAGTA3’
5’ TGAGTCGG 3’ and 5’ CGAACGAT3’
5’ CCGACTCA 3’ and 5’ ATCGTTCG 3’
5’ GGCTGAGT 3’ and 5’ TAGCAAGC 3’
Which of the following provides the best explanation as to why DNA fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis (as depicted above)?
Large DNA fragments are drawn more quickly to the anode (positively charged electrode) than small fragments.
Small DNA fragments are drawn more quickly to the anode (positively charged electrode) than large fragments.
DNA with more of a negative charge is drawn more quickly towards the anode (the positively charged electrode).
DNA with more of a positive charge is drawn more quickly towards the anode (the positively charged electrode).
Small DNA fragments are drawn more quickly to the anode (positively charged electrode) than large fragments.
