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Genetics > Exam 1 Questions > Flashcards

Exam 1 Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

How many different alleles for a gene would be most likely present in a diploid cell?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

A

2

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2
Q

In which stage of the cell cycle is the DNA replicated?
A) G1 substage of interphase
B) S substage of interphase
C) Prophase
D) Metaphase
E) Cytokinesis
F) Meiosis

A

B) S substage of interphase

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3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a reason that it is important to study genetics?
A) Determination of susceptibility to diseases
B) Determination of paternity
C) Impact on the study of Biology
D) Economic reasons
E) Production of better crops
F) All of the above are reasons to study genetics

A

F) All of the above are reasons to study genetics

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4
Q

Which of the following sequences CORRECTLY shows the flow of genetic information during gene
expression and is known as the central dogma of biology?
A) RNA → DNA → protein
B) protein → DNA → RNA
C) DNA → RNA → protein
D) DNA → protein → DNA
E) None of the answers is correct

A

C) DNA → RNA → protein

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Generally, chromosomes of prokaryotes are circular.
B) Prokaryotes usually have a single chromosome.
C) Generally, chromosomes of eukaryotes are circular.
D) Eukaryotes usually have multiple chromosomes.
E) Eukaryotic chromosomes are usually linear.

A

C) Generally, chromosomes of eukaryotes are circular.

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6
Q

The process of splitting the cytoplasm, which separates one cell into two, is termed:
A) Cytokinesis
B) Mitosis
C) Anaphase
D) Diakinesis
E) Fusion

A

A) Cytokinesis

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7
Q

Which chromosome in the following figure is MOST likely to be described as telocentric?

A

D

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8
Q

When an allele is masked by another allele in a diploid organism, the masked allele is described by
the word:
A) Weak
B) Homozygous
C) Dominant
D) Recessive
E) Co-dominant
F) Incomplete dominant

A

D) Recessive

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9
Q

What stage of mitosis is the cell in the diagram representing?
A) Prophase
B) Prometaphase
C) Metaphase
D) Anaphase
E) Telophase

A

E) Telophase

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10
Q

The diagram shows chromosomal separation taking place in a cell. The diploid chromosome number in the organism is four. What process is taking place?
a. anaphase of mitosis
b. telophase of meiosis I
c. anaphase of meiosis I
d. telophase of mitosis
e. anaphase of meiosis II

A

e. anaphase of meiosis II

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11
Q

The color pattern of a Himalayan cat, with a white body and colored points (ears, feet, tail, face), is an
example of ___________________.
A) Temperature sensitive alleles
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Epigenetics
D) A nutritional mutant
E) Genetic anticipation

A

A) Temperature sensitive alleles

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12
Q

Escherichia coli is a single-celled bacterium, it is also a prokaryote; Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a one-
celled yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, a multicellular nematode worm, and Arabidopsis thaliana, a
multicellular plant, are all eukaryotes. Which of these organisms does NOT contain a nucleus?
A) Escherichia coli
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C) Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
D) Caenorhabditis elegans
E) Caenorhabditis elegans and Arabidopsis thaliana
F) Trick question, all of these organisms have nuclei

A

A) Escherichia coli

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13
Q

If a geneticist pursues their science by analyzing the outcomes of crosses between different
strains of an organism, they are practicing:
A) Molecular genetics
B) Classical (aka Transmission) genetics
C) Population genetics
D) Conservation genetics
E) Environmental genetics

A

B) Classical (aka Transmission) genetics

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14
Q

Which of the following occurs in Meiosis 1 but not in Mitosis?
A) Homologous chromosomes pair during prophase
B) Homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate
C) Homologous chromosomes separate from each other during anaphase
D) All of these
E) None of these

A

D) All of these

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15
Q

The fundamental principle involving the separation of alleles of a single gene during meiosis is called…
A) Law of segregation
B) Law of independent assortment
C) Law of dominance
D) Law of continuous variation
E) Law of discontinuous variation
F) Law of discontinuous variation dominance or recessiveness

A

A) Law of segregation

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16
Q

Long earlobes is a dominant trait with 80% penetrance in heterozygotes. A person homozygous for
long earlobes plans to have a child with a person that is homozygous recessive for the gene. What is
the probability that their child will have long earlobes?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 80%
F) 100%

A

E) 80%

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17
Q

Following a cross of two agouti mice (banded hair color), their offspring have the following genotypic
and phenotypic ratio:
A-C- Agouti 9/16
A-cc Albino 3/16
aaC- Black 3/16
aacc Albino 1/16

What does this tell you about the inheritance of coat color in mice?
A) Novel phenotypes due to gene interaction
B) Dominant epistasis
C) Recessive epistasis
D) Codominance
E) Incomplete dominance

A

C) Recessive epistasis

18
Q

You have isolated a new mutant rat with a very short tail and name the mutation shorty. Your lab mate
has rats with short tails too and he calls his mutation stumpy. You want to determine whether or not the
shorty and stumpy mutations are in the same gene. How would you do this?
A) Test cross
B) Dihybrid cross
C) Multifactorial inheritance pattern
D) Complementation test

A

D) Complementation test

19
Q

Assume that you are looking at a case of lethal recessive alleles for mice. Homozygous dominant mice
are white in color and heterozygous are yellow. If you crossed two yellow mice, what proportion of the
progeny would you predict to be white?
A) 0
B) ¼
C) 1/3
D) ½
E) 2/3
F) ¾
G) All progeny would be white

A

C) 1/3

20
Q

In the following pedigree, the indicated trait is caused by which type of allele?
A) Autosomal recessive
B) Autosomal dominant
C) Sex-linked recessive
D) Sex-linked dominant

A

B) Autosomal dominant

20
Q

Model genetic organisms should have all of the following traits, EXCEPT which of the following?
A) large number of progeny
B) short generation time
C) large size
D) ability to be studied in a laboratory
E) ability to be propagated inexpensively

A

C) large size

21
Q

What is a genetic cross between one homozygous recessive individual and one of unknown genotype,
used to determine the genotype of the unknown?
A) Self-cross
B) Hybrid cross
C) Dihybrid cross
D) Test cross
E) F1 cross

A

D) Test cross

22
Q

The cell below is entering meiosis. Which of the following (A,B,C,or D) represents the chromosomes in a daughter cell following the final step in meiosis (assume that the chromosomes would decondense, but are shown condensed for visualization)?

A

A

23
Q

Round seeds (R) are dominant to wrinkled seeds (r), and yellow seeds (Y) are dominant to green
seeds (y). A true-breeding pea plant with round and yellow seeds is crossed to a true-breeding plant
with wrinkled and green seeds. The F1 progeny are allowed to self-fertilize. What is the probability of
obtaining a round, yellow seed in the F2?
A) ¾
B) 1/16
C) 9/16
D) 3/16
E) ½

A

C) 9/16

23
Q

In humans an individual who is genotyped as XXY is phenotypically _____________ and will have
__________ Barr Bodies.
A) Male; 0
B) Male; 1
C) Male; 2
D) Female; 0
E) Female; 1
F) Female; 2

A

B) Male; 1

23
Q

In Mendel’s peas, purple flower color is dominant to white. From which of the following descriptions
can you NOT infer the genotype completely?
A) Purple
B) White
C) True-breeding purple
D) True-breeding white
E) Heterozygous

A

A) Purple

24
Q

The pedigree below shows the segregation of an autosomal recessive trait. If III-3 and III-4 marry and
have a child, what is the probability that this child will show the trait?
A) ¼
B) 3/4
C) 1/8
D) ½
E) 2/3

A

A) ¼

25
Q

A dihybrid cross is one in which:
A) One trait is studied
B) Two traits are studied at the same time
C) Two organisms are studied at the same time
D) Four traits are studied at the same time
E) None of these

A

B) Two traits are studied at the same time

26
Q

Red–green color blindness is X-linked recessive. A woman with normal color vision has a father who is
color blind. The woman has a child with a man with normal color vision. Which phenotype is NOT
expected?
A) A color-blind female
B) A color-blind male
C) A noncolor-blind female
D) A noncolor-blind male
E) A color-blind male or a color-blind female

A

A) A color-blind female

27
Q

The R locus determines flower color in a new plant species. Plants that are genotype RR have red
flowers, and plants that are rr have white flowers. However, Rr plants have pink flowers. What type of
inheritance does this demonstrate for flower color in these plants?
A) Complete dominance
B) Incomplete dominance
C) Codominance
D) Complementation
E) Lethal alleles

A

B) Incomplete dominance

28
Q

Polydactyly is the condition of having extra fingers or toes. Some polydactylous people possess extra
fingers or toes that are fully functional, whereas others possess only a small tag of extra skin. This is
an example of:
A) Complete dominance
B) Independent assortment
C) Variable expressivity
D) Complementation
E) Cytoplasmic inheritance

A

C) Variable expressivity

29
Q

Multifactorial traits are influenced by _____ and _____.
A) Dominance; codominance
B) Epistasis; pleiotropy
C) Age; sex
D) Genetic imprinting; reduced penetrance
E) Multiple genes; environment

A

E) Multiple genes; environment

30
Q

Alternative forms of a gene are called
A) Genotypes
B) Loci
C) Phenotypes
D) Characteristics
E) Alleles

A

E) Alleles

31
Q

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the beta-globin gene. This mutation causes a variety of
symptoms including deformed red blood cells, anemia, heart failure, and resistance to malaria. What is
it called when a single gene, such as beta-globin, influences multiple traits?
A) Codominance
B) Multiple alleles
C) Incomplete dominance
D) Penetrance
E) Pleiotropy

A

E) Pleiotropy

32
Q

A child with type O blood has a mother with type B blood. Is it likely that the child’s father has type AB
blood?
A) No
B) Yes
C) We can’t determine based on this information

A

A) No

33
Q

Which of the following theories of inheritance has been disproven?
A) Mendelian inheritance
B) Pangenesis
C) Germ-plasm theory
D) Cell theory

A

B) Pangenesis

34
Q

In birds, which chromosomal arrangement does the homogametic sex have for their sex
chromosomes?
A) ZW; females
B) ZZ; males
C) ZZ; females
D) XX; females
E) XY; males

A

B) ZZ; males

35
Q

How does crossing over relate to genetic distances?
A) The further apart genes are, the more likely there is to be cross over between them.
B) Each gene represents a 50% chance of crossover with a linked gene.
C) Each crossover event indicates that genes are linked by 20 mu.
D) Each nucleotide is a 1% chance of crossing over.
E) Linked genes have a crossover rate of 20% per 100 nucleotides

A

A) The further apart genes are, the more likely there is to be cross over between them.

36
Q

In the figure, how many chromosomes are in the cell going through metaphase?

A

4

37
Q

Name the individual who, while working with the garden pea in the mid-1850s, demonstrated quantitative patterns of heredity and developed a theory involving the behavior of hereditary factors

A

Gregor Mendel

38
Q

What is the Chi-square test used for?
What does it indicate?

A

A statistical test used to compare observed results with expected results.

Indicates the probability that the
difference between the observed and
expected values is due to chance

  • Determine expected numbers based on hypothesis.
  • Calculate the 2 statistic.
  • Determine the degrees of freedom.
  • Compare the 2 statistic to the critical value
39
Q

Calculate the probability of either an all-homozygous dominant genotype for all genes or
AABbcc genotype from the following cross: AaBbCc× AaBBCc

A

1/16

Genetics (23 decks)

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