Exam 2 Review Flashcards
Which of the following is not part of a nucleotide?
A phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, a cyclic nitrogen base, a sulfur group
A sulfur group
Which scientists are responsible for determining that DNA is the hereditary material in bacteriophages?
Hershey and Chase
One of the strands in DNA has a sequence: 5’ ATCTGCTACGA 3’. A complimentary DNA sequence to this strand would be what?
3’- TAGACGATGCT -5’
Which type of chemical bond attaches deoxyribose molecules together to form the backbone of a DNA molecule?
Phosphodiester
If you measure 23% G, what is the percentage of A in a given DNA molecule?
27%
What is it called when an organism has extra sets of chromosomes derived from two species?
Allopolyploidy
What term describes 2n-1 for a karyotype?
Monosomy
What is a numerical change in part of a genome, usually a change in the dosage of a single chromosome?
Aneuploidy
Klinefelter syndrome is associated with individuals who possess:
Three sex chromosomes
What occurs when a chromosome segment is detached, flipped 180 degrees, and reattached to the rest of the chromosome?
Inversion
Advantages of studying microorganisms include:
Large amounts of space needed for studies, slow reproduction time, organisms can be grown in biochemically defined culture media, all of the above
Organisms can be grown in biochemically defined culture media
The uptake of free DNA molecules from the environment is known as what?
Transformation
In ___, a random fragment of DNA is packaged in a phage head in place of the phage chromosome.
Transduction
Genetic elements in bacteria that can replicate independently of the main chromosomes are known as what?
Plasmids
Which of the following components would be necessary for bacterial survival with the following genotype: trp+, lue-, lac-, tets, and ampr
The amino acid leucine
What is it called when two genes are on the same chromosome and travel as a unit through meiosis?
Linked genes
If two genes are completely unlinked, what is their frequency of recombination?
50%
At what stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Late prophase I
When one crossover inhibits the occurrence of another, this is called:
Interference
Unlike bacteriophage lambda, which is a temperate phage, T4 phage enters a ___ pathway, that always leads to the death of the host bacterial cell.
Lytic
Cotransduction of two genes is more likely if they are:
Close to one another
