mutations

Question 1

name the mutations

Answer 1

• Synonymous mutations
  ○ A change of one nucleotide to another in a codon triplet that does not affect the amino acid specified
  ○ Works due to DNA degeneracy
  
  • Silent mutation
    ○ A mutation that is synonymous and doesn’t change the amino acid sequence
  • Non-synonymous mutation
    ○ A nucleotide substitution that does change the amino acid sequence by a gene
  • Missense
    ○ Amino acid substitutions
  • Nonsense mutation
    ○ When a change results in a protein unable to be created
  • Loss of stop mutation
    ○ Polypeptide sequence is shortened prematurely because a sequence is changed to a stop codon
  • Loss of function mutation
    ○ Codes for a non-functional protein
    ○ If an essential amino acid is replaced then this can cause the entire protein to be
  • Gain of function mutation
    ○ Codes for a protein with a new function
  • Frameshift
    All codons change and this results in a completely new protein if it can even be mad