Carbohydrates

Question 1

what are the 3 monosaccharides?

Answer 1

• glucose
• fructose
• galactose

Question 2

what are the 3 disaccharides?

Answer 2

• maltose (alpha and beta glucose)
• sucrose (glucose and fructose)
• lactose (galactose, glucose)

Question 3

what are the three polysaccharides?

Answer 3

• cellulose (beta glucose)
• starch (alpha glucose)
• glycogen (alpha glucose)

Question 4

General formula for carbohydrates

Answer 4

(C1H2O1)n

Question 5

Difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 5

alpha= trans
beta=cis

Question 6

starch information

Answer 6

made of amylose and amylopectin
amylose
- minor component
- 1-4 glycosidic linkage
- linear

amylopectin
- major component
- 1-6 and 1-4 glycosidic linkages
- branched

Primary energy storage in plants e.g. potato

Question 7

cellulose information

Answer 7

• made of beta glucose
• beta 1-4 glycosidic linkages
• linear
• therefore high intermolecular forces
• chemically stable
• structural component in plants
• cellobiose is the disaccharide that makes this up

Question 8

how to memorise disaccharides from monosaccharides

Answer 8

GLU GLU MAL
GLU FRU SU
GU GAL LAC

Question 9

glycogen

Answer 9

alpha glucose
highly branches
used as energy storage in the liver

Question 10

what are the 4 major biochemical roles of carbohydrates?

Answer 10

○ Source of stored energy
○ Used to transport stored energy within complex organisms
○ Serve as carbon skeletons that can be rearranged to form new molecules
○ Extracellular assemblies such as the cell walls that provide structure to organisms

Question 11

L or D glucose?

Answer 11

D glucose!!!!