DNA and Nucleotides

Question 1

what are the pyrimidines?

Answer 1

CUT (hexane rings)

Question 2

what are the purines?

Answer 2

AG (benzene bonded to a cyclopentane)

Question 3

Key features of RNA

Answer 3

• Single stranded
  
  • Base pairing can occur between different regions of the molecule
  • Complementary hydrogen bonding plays a part in some 3D RNA
  • RNA and DNA can also have complementary base pairing
  • The surfaces of the 3D RNA can be recognised by other molecules that bind to nucleic acid

Question 4

Key features of DNA

Answer 4

• Double stranded
  
  • Two separate polynucleotide chains
  • Held together by hydrogen bonds
  • DNA is uniform and forms a ladder/double helix shape
  • Carried genetic information in its sequence of base pairs, rather than in its 3D structure
  • Key differences between DNA and RNA
    ○ Nucleotide bases
    ○ Single vs double stranded
    ○ Uses
  • DNA runs antiparallel
  • Equal distance is maintained because one purine always bonds to one pyrimidine

Question 5

what is the central dogma of biology?

Answer 5

Central dogma of molecular biology:
The premise that information flows from DNA to RNA to polypeptides