Mutations Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a mutation?

A

a change in a DNA molecule resulting in a new gene

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2
Q

What could a mutation result in?

A

a new charactersitic that could be passed onto the next generation

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3
Q

how can mutations happen?

A

naturally or due to or because of natural background radiation

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4
Q

exposure to what would increase the pribability of a mutation?

A

. ionising radiation
. x rays
. ultra violet radiation from the sun
. some toxic chemicals called mutagens
- the greater the dose the higher the chance of mutation

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5
Q

Why could mutations go unnoticed?

A

-because the mutant cell is one in millions
- the mutant cell has alreday been destroyed by a white blood cell

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6
Q

when are mutations passed on?

A

only if the mutation is in a gamete (sex cell)

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7
Q

what are some examples of harmful mutations ?

A

. abnormalities or death in the young if in reproductive cells
. mutations in the body cells could cause uncontrollable mitosis = tumor = cancer

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8
Q

what are neutral mutations?

A

mutations that do not affect the survival rate of an organism

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9
Q

what are beneficial mutations?

A

. mutations that give an organism an advantage letting it survive and breed faster
- e.g bacteria that are resistant to anti biotics then could survive and create a strain of antibiotic resistant bacteria

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10
Q

what can genetic screening or gene therapy be used for?

A

detetcting inherited diseases

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11
Q

what are the tests available to find out if you’re a carrier for a genetic disorder?

A

Prenatal genetic tests
- small samples from the cell membrane surrounding the foetus are taken and the DNA from those cells is analysed

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