Mutation Rates

Question 1

Mutation rate: the ___ the offspring carries a new __

a. Varies depending on ___ vs RNA
b. ___context
c. Cell division __

Answer 1

a. probability, mutation
b. Chromosomal
c. rate

Question 2

Lethal Mutations: may contribute to an ___ of mutation rates

Answer 2

underestimate

Question 3

Back Mutations: are mutations that change a phenotype/genotype back to __ phenotype/genotype

Answer 3

wildtype

Question 4

The larger the __ the __ the mutation rate (does not hold true for viruses)

Answer 4

genome, higher

Question 5

A new human contains __ new mutations

Answer 5

70

Question 6

Methods to Estimate Mutation Rates

1. Phenotypic Screening: screen __ of genetically characterized parents over multiple generations to see __ change
2. Mutation accumulation experiments: score ___ after several generations
   a. Start with a __ stock, works best with organisms that have __ generation time
3. Phylogenetic Method: comparison of fixed mutation across __ species by sequencing at a neutrally __ locus

Answer 6

1. offspring, phenotypic
2. mutations
   a. homozygote, short
3. two species, evolving

Question 7

Most environments favor ___ mutation rates

Answer 7

low