Lecture 9- Mutations

Question 1

Phenotypic Consequences of Mutations:

a. Quantitative (___ elements): cut and pasted into a __, will have a __ effect
b. Qualitative: Ex. Homeotic Mutation: Switch in development from one path to another
c. Pleiotropy: a single __ affects multiple __

Answer 1

a. Transposable, gene, phenotypic

c. mutation, traits

Question 2

Evolutionary Consequences of Mutations:

a. Most mutations are ___ and DO not affect survival or __
c. However, Average effect is ___ (has a negative effect on __)
d. Lower __ is associated with more mutations

Answer 2

a. neutral
b. reproduction
c. deleterious (fitness)
d. fitness

Question 3

Fitness: The __ of a living entity in leaving descendants to the next __

Answer 3

success, generation

Question 4

Mutations are ___!

a. Are stochastic not ___; can predict the __ of a mutation but NOT which locus will __ a mutation

Answer 4

Random

a. deterministic, probability undergo

Question 5

Some areas of the genome and some DNA __ are at higher __ for acquiring a ___ (Mutational ___)
EX. Two thymines in a row, when exposed to UV radiation, are capable of covalently bonding together

Answer 5

sequences, risk, mutation (Mutational hotspots)

Question 6

Environmental conditions can __ mutations and influence the __ of mutations, but NOT a bias for ___ mutations

Answer 6

induce, rate, advantageous mutations

Question 7

Mutations are random and NOT ___

Answer 7

directed