Lecture 9- Mutations Flashcards
Phenotypic Consequences of Mutations:
a. Quantitative (___ elements): cut and pasted into a __, will have a __ effect
b. Qualitative: Ex. Homeotic Mutation: Switch in development from one path to another
c. Pleiotropy: a single __ affects multiple __
a. Transposable, gene, phenotypic
c. mutation, traits
Evolutionary Consequences of Mutations:
a. Most mutations are ___ and DO not affect survival or __
c. However, Average effect is ___ (has a negative effect on __)
d. Lower __ is associated with more mutations
a. neutral
b. reproduction
c. deleterious (fitness)
d. fitness
Fitness: The __ of a living entity in leaving descendants to the next __
success, generation
Mutations are ___!
a. Are stochastic not ___; can predict the __ of a mutation but NOT which locus will __ a mutation
Random
a. deterministic, probability undergo
Some areas of the genome and some DNA __ are at higher __ for acquiring a ___ (Mutational ___)
EX. Two thymines in a row, when exposed to UV radiation, are capable of covalently bonding together
sequences, risk, mutation (Mutational hotspots)
Environmental conditions can __ mutations and influence the __ of mutations, but NOT a bias for ___ mutations
induce, rate, advantageous mutations
Mutations are random and NOT ___
directed