InBreeding Flashcards
Violations of HWP
- Inbreeding
a. Allele inherited by two siblings that is __ by descent from a parent
b. Consanguinity: the quality of being descended from the same __ ancestor as another individual “blood ___”
a. identical
b. common “blood relation”
Males are denoted by __
squares
Females are denoted by __
circles
Horizontal line connecting two individuals indicates __
mating
Vertical line descending from the horizontal line denotes ___
offspring
Autozygosity: when two __ are identical as a result of inheritance through consanguineous mating
alleles
Allozygosity: when alleles come from different __ (random mating situations)
sources
Inbreeding Coefficient (F): probability that a random pair of \_\_ copies, inherited by offspring from two parents is identical by \_\_ --> results in \_\_\_ deficiency a. in real life we cannot label alleles as to where they come from, so we can estimate the inbreeding \_\_ by comparing the number of \_\_ in a population to the number of heterozygotes expected under \_\_ equilibrium
genes, descent–> heterozygote
a. coefficient heterozygotes, HW
Population Bottleneck: an event that drastically __ the size of a population
a. Can be caused by environmental __, hunting of a species, habitat __
reduced
a. disaster, destruction
Main consequences of inbreeding:
a. Decrease in ___
b. Increase in ___
a. heterozygosity
b. homozygosity
Most extreme form of inbreeding is called ___ (short for self ___)
selfing (self fertilization)
Inbreeding itself does not change __ frequencies on its own
a. If allele frequencies change, it is because the increased degree of homozygosity of recessive traits in the population can expose __ alleles to __ __ (results in lower fitness)
allele
a. deleterious, natural selection
Inbreeding Depression: reduction of the mean value of a __ (usually one associated with fitness)
EX. Vipera Berus… increase in degree of relatedness between parents is associated with an increase in offspring mortality
character
