mutation and aftermath of protein synthesis

Question 1

what is a point mutation

Answer 1

a change in a single base in DNA

Question 2

what is a missense mutation

Answer 2

single base change that results in a change of amino acid sequence, can change protein function

Question 3

what is a nonsense mutation

Answer 3

base change that creates a new stop codon, changes length of protein

Question 4

what is a silent mutation

Answer 4

no change of amino acid sequence, due to degeneracy of genetic code, no effect

Question 5

what is a frameshift mutation

Answer 5

addition or deletion of a single base(or 2), changes reading frame of translation into protein

Question 6

name the processes a finished protein go through

Answer 6

targeting, modification and degradation`

Question 7

what is targeting gf a protein

Answer 7

moving a protein to its final cellular destination, depend om the protein there are many possible locations

Question 8

what is the modification of a protein

Answer 8

the addition of further chemical groups

Question 9

what is the degradation of a protein

Answer 9

unwanted or damaged proteins are removed

Question 10

give some examples of post-translational modification

Answer 10

addition of carbohydrate group(in endoplasmic reticulum/ER or Golgi)
formation of disulphide bonds(in ER)
folding and assembly of multi-subunit proteins(in ER)
phosphorylation
addition of sugars
proteolysis(cleavage of polypeptide)