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MICROBIO > MUST TO KNOW IN VIROLOGY > Flashcards

MUST TO KNOW IN VIROLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Ether-resistant
Ether-sensitive

A

Naked virus

Enveloped virus

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2
Q

Acid-labile
Acid-stable

A

Rhinovirus

Enterovirus

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3
Q

Infantile diarrhea

A

Rotavirus

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4
Q

H & N

A

Myxoviruses

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5
Q

Hemagglutination/Hemadsorption

A

Influenza
Parainfluenza
Mumps

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6
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Chicken pox
Influenza

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7
Q

Bronchiolitis in children

A

RSV

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8
Q

Hepatitis

A

Yellow fever
HBV
CMV

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9
Q

Reservoir of Togavirus

A

Birds

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10
Q

dsRNA
ssDNA

A

Reovirus

Parvovirus

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11
Q

Tzanck smear

A

HSV
VZV

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12
Q

Latent infection

A

HSV

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13
Q

Measles
German measles

A

Rubeola virus

Rubella virus

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14
Q

SSPE
PML

A

Measles virus

JC virus (polyoma)

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15
Q

Spongiform encephalopathy

A

Prion

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16
Q

RNA (HDV)

A

Viroid

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17
Q

Human Embryonic Fibroblast cell

A

CMV

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18
Q

PMKC, MDCK, Hen’s egg

A

Influenza

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19
Q

5th disease
6th disease
Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Parvovirus B19

HHV-6

HHV-8

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20
Q

Marburg and Ebola
SARS

A

Filoviridae

Coronavirus

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21
Q

Bird’s flu = H5:N1

A

Influenza virus

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22
Q

Virus

A

Use cotton swabs

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23
Q

Delay of 3 days
Delay of 4 days

A

4’C

-70’C, not -20’C

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24
Q

Tissue culture

A

CPE

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25
Q

Rhinovirus

A

33’C

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26
Q

Negative stain
Gold, silver stain
PTA

A

EM

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27
Q

Hold cell culture tube

A

Roller drum

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28
Q

Father of virology

A

Dmitri Iwanowsky

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29
Q

Nucleic acid genome

A

DNA or RNA

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30
Q

Protective protein coat

A

Capsid

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31
Q

Lipid derived from host cell membrane

A

Envelope

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32
Q

DNA virus
(+) Sense RNA virus

A

Icosahedral

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33
Q

(-) Sense RNA virus

A

Helical

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34
Q

Complex

A

Poxvirus

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35
Q

Viral morphology

A

EM (inverted microscope)

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36
Q

LM
Inclusion bodies:
-Negri bodies:
-Councilman bodies:

A

Rabies

Yellow fever

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37
Q

Viral antigen

A

Direct IF

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38
Q

(G) Pock formation on CAM (Chrorioallantoic membrane)

A

Eggs

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39
Q

Passed only once
Ex. 1’ monkey kidney cells (fluvirus)

A

Primary cell

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40
Q

Passed 50x
Ex. HDF/HEK cells

A

Semi-continuous

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41
Q

MMalignant
Passed indefinitely
Ex. Hela, Hep-2

A

Continuous

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42
Q

Transport medium

A

Dry ice (4’C)
1. Stuart’s: viral transport medium
2. Leibovitz-Emory
3. Earles/Hanks balance salt solution

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43
Q

Viral growth
Cytopathic effect
Hemadsorption (ex. flu virus)
Interference:

A

Rubella and Enterovirus

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44
Q

Rounding necrosis

A

Enterovirus

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45
Q

Ballooning/Giant cells

A

HSV

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46
Q

Grapelike cluster

A

Adenovirus

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47
Q

Syncytium form

A

RSV
Measles
Rubella (giant cells)

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48
Q

Hemadsorption

A

Influenza
Parainfluenza
Measles
Mumps

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49
Q

Refractile, round cell

A

Rhinovirus (33’C)

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50
Q

Multiplication cycle
= attachment
= entry
= (-) capsid
= replication  transcription  translation  viral CHON
= creation of new virus particle
6. Release

A
  1. Adsorption
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Eclipse (Synthetic)
  5. Assembly
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51
Q

DNA Viruses “HHAPPPy”

A

Herpesvirus
Hepadnavirus
Adenovirus
Poxvirus
Papovavirus (Papilloma, Polyoma, Simian Vacuolating Virus)
Parvovirus

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52
Q

Rule: DNA viruses
All are dsDNA except:
All are icosahedral except:
All multiply in the nucleus except:
All are enveloped except:

A

Parvovirus (ssDNA)

Poxvirus (complex)

Poxvirus (cytoplasm)

PAP (Naked) -Parvovirus -Adenovirus -Papovavirus

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53
Q

Brick-shaped

A

Poxvirus

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54
Q

Largest DNA virus: 225 x 300 nm

A

Poxvirus

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55
Q

Poxvirus Inclusions: Guarnieri bodies

A

Guarnieri bodies

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56
Q

Vesicular skin lesions in host

A

Poxvirus

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57
Q

= smallpox
= alastrim
= cowpox (vaccine against smallpox)

A

a. Variola major

b. Variola minor

c. Vaccinia virus

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58
Q

= wartlike tumors

A

Molluscum contagiosum

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59
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-CPE on cell culture
-Pocks on Chorioallantoic membrane
-Viral antigens in vesicle fluid = precipitin tests, IF
-Convalescent serum phase = 4-fold increase in antibody titer

A

Poxvirus

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60
Q

Poxvirus Tx:

A

Methisazone

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61
Q

: Cause aplastic crisis (RBC: sickle cell anemia)

A

Parvovirus Strain B19

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62
Q

-5th disease
-Slapped cheeks

A

Parvovirus Erythema infectiosum

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63
Q

Hydrops fetalis: miscarriages

A

Parvovirus

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64
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-(+) IgM
-PCR: viral DNA from blood specimen or amniotic fluid

A

Parvovirus

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65
Q

1’ and latency infection

A

Herpesviridae

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66
Q

Herpesviridae
Alpha =
Beta =
Gamma =

A

HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV

CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7

EBV, HHV-8

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67
Q

1’ infection: Gingivostomatitis

A

HSV-1

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68
Q

Latent infection
-Herpes labialis
-Fever blister
-Cold sore
-Keratitis

A
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69
Q

Common cause of viral encephalitis

A

HSV-1

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70
Q

Latency site: Trigeminal ganglion

A

HSV-1

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71
Q

Genital herpes

A

HSV-2

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72
Q

Neonatal herpes

A

HSV-2

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73
Q

Aseptic meningitis

A

HSV-2

74
Q

Cervical cancer (HPV)

A

HSV-2

75
Q

Latency site: Sacral ganglion

A

HSV-2

76
Q

Lab. Diagnosis (HSV-1 & 2)
1. Tzanck smear:
2. Cell culture:
-CPE:
-Virus ID:
3. PCR

A

multinucleated giant cells w/ cowdry inclusion

most diagnostic

1-5 days

IFT

77
Q

1’ infection: Varicella/Chicken pox

A

VZV

78
Q

Recurrent/Reactivation: Zoster/Shingles

A

VZV

79
Q

Latency site: Dorsal root of ganglia

A

VZV

80
Q

Association in Reye’s syndrome

A

VZV

81
Q

VZV Lab. Diagnosis:
1. Tzanck smear: multinucleated giant cell w/ cowdry type A inclusion (HSV,
VZV)
2. IFT: method of choice
EBV Infects B cells (CD 21)
(+) Heterophile antibodies
Agent: IM
Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Lab. Diagnosis:
-Not cultured
1. Heterophil Ab test: monospot
2. EBV specific Ab test: EBVCA IgM, EBNA
3. Hematology: Downey cells
CMV MOT: Transplacental, oral, sexual, blood, tissue transplant
#1 congenital infection
Mononucleosis-like but (-) Heterophile Ab
“Owl’s eye” inclusion (PAP or Giemsa) = urine/tissue
Culture:
-HDF cell = method of choice
HHV-6 Roseola infantum
6th childhood disease: skin rash
Reactivation in AIDS:
-Encephalitis
-Pneumonitis
-Chorioretinitis
HHV-7 No known disease
HHV-8 Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV)
Polyomavirus BK virus = renal disease
JC virus = PML: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Papillomavirus Tropism for squamous epithelial cells = Warts (fingers, sole, face)
Cervical, squamous cell, vulvar, penile cancer
Condylomata acuminate = anogenital warts
Adenovirus #1 Viral conjunctivitis
Serotypes:
1.) 3, 4, 7, 21 = acute respiratory disease
2.) 8, 19 = epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
3.) 11, 21 = hemorrhagic cystitis
4.) 40, 41 = infantile gastroenteritis
Hepadnavirus Acute and chronic hepatitis B
#1 Blood borne disease
HCC
Co-infection/superinfection w/ HDV
Lab. Diagnosis:
-ELISA
-PCR
-Markers:
a. HBsAg
b. HBeAg
c. anti-HBc
d. anti-HBs
e. anti-HBe

A
82
Q

VZV Lab. Diagnosis:
1. Tzanck smear:
2. IFT:

A

multinucleated giant cell w/ cowdry type A inclusion (HSV, VZV)

method of choice

83
Q

Infects B cells (CD 21)

A

EBV

84
Q

(+) Heterophile antibodies

A

EBV

85
Q

Agent: IM
Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

EBV

86
Q

EBV Lab. Diagnosis:
-Not cultured
1. Heterophil Ab test:
2. EBV specific Ab test:
3. Hematology:

A

monospot

EBVCA IgM, EBNA

Downey cells

87
Q

MOT: Transplacental, oral, sexual, blood, tissue transplant

A

CMV

88
Q

1 congenital infection

A

CMV

89
Q

Mononucleosis-like but (-) Heterophile Ab

A

CMV

90
Q

“Owl’s eye” inclusion (PAP or Giemsa) = urine/tissue

A

CMV

91
Q

Culture:
-HDF cell = method of choice

A

CMV

92
Q

Roseola infantum

A

HHV-6

93
Q

6th childhood disease: skin rash

A

HHV-6

94
Q

Reactivation in AIDS:
-Encephalitis
-Pneumonitis
-Chorioretinitis

A

HHV-6

95
Q

No known disease

A

HHV-7

96
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma (HIV)

A

HHV-8

97
Q

Polyomavirus
= renal disease
= PML: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

A

BK virus

JC virus

98
Q

Tropism for squamous epithelial cells = Warts (fingers, sole, face)

A

Papillomavirus

99
Q

Cervical, squamous cell, vulvar, penile cancer

A

Papillomavirus

100
Q

Condylomata acuminate = anogenital warts

A

Papillomavirus

101
Q

1 Viral conjunctivitis

A

Adenovirus

102
Q

Adenovirus Serotypes:
= acute respiratory disease
= epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
= hemorrhagic cystitis
= infantile gastroenteritis

A

1.) 3, 4, 7, 21

2.) 8, 19

3.) 11, 21

4.) 40, 41

103
Q

Acute and chronic hepatitis B
HCC
Co-infection/superinfection w/ HDV

A

Hepadnavirus

104
Q

1 Blood borne disease

A

Hepadnavirus

105
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-ELISA
-PCR

A

Hepadnavirus

106
Q

Hepadnavirus Markers:

A

a. HBsAg
b. HBeAg
c. anti-HBc
d. anti-HBs
e. anti-HBe

107
Q

RNA viruses
All are ssRNA except:
All are enveloped except: PCR (naked)

All are nonsegmented except: ROBA (segmented)

A

Reovirus (dsRNA)

-Picornavirus
-Calicivirus
-Reovirus

-Reovirus
-Orthomyxovirus
-Bunyavirus
-Arenavirus

108
Q

RNA viruses Generally helical:

A

-(+) sense virus (icosahedral)
-(-) sense virus (helical)

109
Q

RNA viruses Positive-Sense virus:

A

= Call (Calicivirus)
= Pico & (Picornavirus)
= Flo (Flavivirus)
= To (Togavirus)
= Come (Coronavirus)
= Right (Retrovirus)

110
Q

RNA viruses Negative-Sense virus:

A

= Pairing (Paramyxovirus)
= Of (Orthomyxovirus)
= Rats at (Rhabdovirus)
= Bunny’s (Bunyavirus)
= Area (Arenavirus)

111
Q

Picornaviridase

Acid Resistance:
: acid-resistant
: acid-stable

Site to multiply:
: GIT
: Nasal

A

-Enterovirus

-Rhinovirus

-Enterovirus

-Rhinovirus

112
Q

Aseptic meningitis

A

Picornaviridase

ECHOvirus

113
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Poliovirus

114
Q

MOT: fecal-oral, respiratory droplets

A

Poliovirus

115
Q

Anterior horn cells of the spinal cord

A

Poliovirus

116
Q

Poliovirus Vaccines:
= killed/inactivated virus (injected)
= live attenuated virus (oral)

A
  1. Salk vaccine
  2. Sabin vaccine
117
Q

Herpangina
Pleurodynia

A

Coxsackie A

Coxsackie B

118
Q

Enteric Cytopathic Human Orphan virus

A

ECHOvirus

119
Q

Enterovirus 72

A

HAV

120
Q

Acid-labile (33’C)

A

Rhinovirus

121
Q

Common cause of common colds

A

Rhinovirus

122
Q

Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)

A

Orthomyxoviridae

123
Q

Orthomyxoviridae Antigenic changes:
: genetic reassortment (pandemic)
: point mutation (epidemic)

A

a. Shift

b. Drift

124
Q

Flu virus

A

Influenza virus

125
Q

Influenza virus:
Type A:
= Spanish flu/Swine flue
= Asian flu
= Hongkong flu
= Avian flu
Type B:
Type C:

A

Pandemic (Ag shift and drift)

-AH1:N1

-AH2:N2

-AH3:N2

-AH5:N1

Epidemic (Ag drift)

Stable

126
Q

Influenza virus Lab. Diagnosis:
1. Ag detection =
-Throat washing
-Nasopharyngeal aspirate
2. Virus isolation
-Throat swab
-Nasopharyngeal aspirate
-Medium:
3. Serology:
-HAI
-IFT
-EIA
-CFT

A

IFT, ELISA

PMKC, MDCK, Embryonated egg (hemadsorption)

Ab assay

127
Q

Influenza virus Tx:
Influenza virus Prevention:

A

Amantidine, Rimantidine

Vaccine

128
Q

Hemagglutinin (H), Neuraminidase (N) and Fusion (F) antigen

A

Paramyxoviridae

129
Q

Parainfluenza virus
Croup:
Specimen:
Culture:
ID:
Tx:
No vaccine

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

NPA/W

PMK, LLC-MK2

Hemadsorption, IF, EIA

Aerosolized ribavirin

130
Q

Parotitis, orchitis, aseptic meningitis

A

Mumps virus

131
Q

(+) in saliva and urine = IFA, EIA, HAI

A

Mumps virus

132
Q

Culture: PMK, HEK, Embryonated egg

A

Mumps virus

133
Q

Koplik spots

A

Measles (Rubeola) virus/Morbillivirus

134
Q

2nd infection: SSPE (Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)

A

Measles (Rubeola) virus/Morbillivirus

135
Q

Measles (Rubeola) virus/Morbillivirus
Specimen:
Culture:
Serology:

A

NPS, urine

PMK (multinucleated cells)

(+) IgM Ab’s

136
Q

1 Bronchiolitis in children

A

RSV

137
Q

RSV
Specimen:
Culture:
Tx:

A

NPS → DFA, EIA

PMK (syncytia), HDFC

Ribavirin

138
Q

Henipavirus
: Encephalitis = Pig → Man
: Respiratory disease in horses

A

Nipah virus

Hendra virus

139
Q

Togaviridae

A

Arbovirus
Alphavirus
Rubivirus

140
Q

Arthropod borne (mosquito)

A

Arbovirus

141
Q

Arbovirus Includes:

A

-Flavivirus
-Bunyavirus

142
Q

Flavivirus:

A

a. Dengue fever virus
b. St. Louis encephalitis virus
c. Yellow fever virus
d. Japanese B encephalitis virus
e. West Nile encephalitis virus

143
Q

-Aedes aegypti
-Acute hemorrhagic fever
-“Saddleback fever”, “Breakbone fever”

= Culex

= Councilman bodies

A

a. Dengue fever virus

b. St. Louis encephalitis virus

c. Yellow fever virus

144
Q

California encephalitis virus

A

Bunyavirus

145
Q

Rift Valley fever

A

Bunyavirus

146
Q

Hantavirus: Hantaan (Korean) virus

A

Bunyavirus

147
Q

Hemorrhagic fever w/ renal involvement

A

Bunyavirus

148
Q

Encephalitis:
-Western equine encephalitis (WEE)
-Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE)
-Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)

A

Alphaviruses

149
Q

German measles: 3-day rash

A

Rubivirus (Rubella virus)

150
Q

“Blueberry muffin” baby

A

Rubivirus (Rubella virus)

151
Q

Teratogenic virus (fetal defect)

A

Rubivirus (Rubella virus)

152
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-IF
-EIA
-HA test: sensitive

A

Rubivirus (Rubella virus)

153
Q

Rhabdoviridae:
1. Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
-
-
Lab. Diagnosis:
2. Vesicular stomatitis
-

A

-Bullet-shaped
-Cause encephalitis

Negri bodies (dog brain) = Seller’s stain

-Cattle, horse, pig

154
Q

Filamentous

A

Filoviridae

155
Q

Filoviridae :

A
  1. Marburg-Ebola virus
  2. Hemorrhagic fever
156
Q

Reoviridae :
= Wagon wheel like (EM)
= Colorado tick fever

A
  1. Rotavirus = Wagon wheel like (EM)
  2. Orbivirus = Colorado tick fever
157
Q

Club-shaped
SARS agent; common colds
Gastroenteritis

A

Coronavirus

158
Q

Lab. Diagnosis: EM, IF, EIA

A

Coronavirus

159
Q

Norwalk-like virus

A

Calicivirus
Astrovirus

160
Q

Calicivirus
Astrovirus
#1 gastroenteritis (adults)
Diarrhea
Calicivirus
Astrovirus
Lab. Diagnosis: EM
Retrovirus Reverse transcriptase: RNA  DNA
1. Lentivirus
-HIV: AIDS
2. Oncornavirus
-HTLV-I: Human T cell Leukemia
-HTLV-II: Hairy Cell Leukemia
Lab. Diagnosis:
a. Serology:
-ELISA (screen)
-WB (confirm)

A
161
Q

1 gastroenteritis (adults)

Diarrhea

A

Calicivirus
Astrovirus

162
Q

Lab. Diagnosis: EM

A

Calicivirus
Astrovirus

163
Q

Reverse transcriptase: RNA → DNA

A

Retrovirus

164
Q

Retrovirus
1. Lentivirus
-HIV:
2. Oncornavirus
-HTLV-I:
-HTLV-II:

A

AIDS

Human T cell Leukemia

Hairy Cell Leukemia

165
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
a. Serology:
-ELISA (screen)
-WB (confirm)
-PCR: HIV-DNA

A

Retrovirus

166
Q

Arena-Sandy hemorrhagic fever

A

Arenaviridae

167
Q

Arenaviridae:

= Argentina
= Bolivia
= Zoonotic (rats)

A
  1. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus
  2. Junin virus
  3. Machupo virus
  4. Lassa fever virus
168
Q

Picornavirus (Enterovirus 72)

A

HAV

169
Q

Infectious hepatitis

A

HAV

170
Q

Hepadnavirus

A

HBV

171
Q

Serum hepatitis

A

HBV

172
Q

Flavivirus

A

HCV

173
Q

Non-A, Non-B/post-transfusion hepatitis

A

HCV

174
Q

Viroid-like

A

HDV

175
Q

Require HBV infection

A

HDV

176
Q

Calicivirus

A

HEV

177
Q

Water-borne

A

HEV

178
Q

Flavivirus

A

HGV

179
Q

Blood-borne hepatitis

A

HGV

180
Q

Prion-caused diseases (Slow disease)

A
  1. Scrapie = sheep/goat
  2. Kuru
  3. Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) = man
  4. Gerstmann-Straussler Scheinker syndrome (GSS)
  5. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy = mad cow disease

MICROBIO (7 decks)

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