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MICROBIO > MUST TO KNOW IN MYCOLOGY > Flashcards

MUST TO KNOW IN MYCOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

Fluoresces on Wood’s lamp

A

M. canis

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2
Q

Agent of dandruff

A

M. canis

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3
Q

Medium for dermatophytes

A

Mycosel

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4
Q

: inhibit bacteria
: inhibit fungal contaminants

A

Chloramphenicol

Cycloheximide

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5
Q

Czapek’s medium

A

Aspergillus

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6
Q

Forms at 35’C (yeasts)

A

Germ tube

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7
Q

Gram (+), oval cells w/ or w/o buds and pseudomycelia

A

Candida

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8
Q

General culture media

A

SDA

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9
Q

Basic structure of fungi

A

Hyphae
Spore

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10
Q

Chlamydospore

A

Cornmeal agar

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11
Q

Media w/ olive oil

A

M. furfur

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12
Q

Hair baiting test

A

T. mentagrophytes

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13
Q

Infects hair, skin, and nails

A

Trichophyton

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14
Q

Red color

A

T. rubrum

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15
Q

Teardrop conidia

A

T. rubrum

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16
Q

Favic chandelier (antler)

A

T. schoenleinii

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17
Q

Phycomycetes/Zygomycetes

A

Coenocytic (aseptate)

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18
Q

Ascospores

A

S. cerevisiae

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19
Q

(+) Nigerseed/Birdseed
(+) Urease
(+) India ink
(+) Phenoloxidase

A

C. neoformans

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20
Q

Arthrospores “TACGeo”

A

Trichosporon beigelii
Aureobasidium
Coccidioides
Geotrichum candidum

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21
Q

Blastospores

A

Yeast

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22
Q

Direct microscopic
Clearing

A

10% KOH

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23
Q

Commonly used stain (fungal culture)

A

LPCB

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24
Q

: preservative
: killing agent
: stains the chitin (cell wall)

A

Lactic acid

Phenol

Cotton blue

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25
Q

Unsuitable for fungal culture
Suitable for bacteria and viruses only

A

Swab

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26
Q

Wright’s/Giemsa stain

A

H. capsulatum

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27
Q

Dichotomous

A

Aspergillus

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28
Q

Thrush

A

C. albicans

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29
Q

Diaper rash

A

C. albicans

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30
Q

Moniliasis

A

C. albicans

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31
Q

In tissue: mold/yeast form

A

C. albicans

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32
Q

Macroconidia and microconidia

A

Dermatophytes

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33
Q

Specimen for systemic mycoses

A

Sputum

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34
Q

ID of yeast
Free of CHO

A

CHO assimilation

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35
Q

Dimorphic fungi

A

BHIA

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36
Q

High risk to lab personnel

A

C. immitis

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37
Q

Filamentous
Room temperature

A

Molds

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38
Q

Round/tissue form
37’C

A

Yeasts

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39
Q

Fungal cell wall

A

Chitin

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40
Q

Fungal cell membrane

A

Ergosterol

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41
Q

Aerial/vegetative/substrate
Reproductive

A

Hyphae

Spores

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42
Q

Aseptate hyphae
Septate hyphae

A

Sporangiophore

Conidiophore

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43
Q

Sexual spores

A

Ascospores
Basidiospores
Oospores

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44
Q

Asexual spores
: rounding terminal hyphae or intercalary (within)
: budding off (yeasts)
: dermatophytes
: barrel-shaped, produced from fragmentation of mycelium

A

Chlamydospores

Blastospores

Conidia (macro/micro)

Arthrospores

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45
Q

Skin and hair

A

10% KOH preparation

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46
Q

Hyphae, yeasts, spores

A

10% KOH preparation

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47
Q

Dissolves tissue

A

10% KOH preparation

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48
Q

Fluorescent dye

A

Calcofluor white

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49
Q

Stains the chitin (cell wall)

A

Calcofluor white

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50
Q

Green

A

Calcofluor white

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51
Q

H. capsulatum: the only fungi seen in blood smear

A

Giemsa/Wright’s stain

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52
Q

Periodic Acid Schiff
Glycogen:
No glycogen:

A

purple

pink

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53
Q

Black

A

Gomori silver

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54
Q

SDA + phenol red
SDA + cycloheximide + gentamicin

A

Dermatophyte test medium

Inhibitory mold agar

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55
Q

Pigment

A

Potato dextrose agar

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56
Q

Chlamydospore of C. albicans

A

Cornmeal Tween 80 agar

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57
Q

(+) M. canis
(-) M. audouinii

A

Rice medium

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58
Q

C. neoformans (black colonies)

A

Staib’s nigerseed agar

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59
Q

(+) T. mentagrophytes
(+) C. neoformans

A

Urea agar

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60
Q

Cottonseed agar

A

B. dermatitidis

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61
Q

Biochemical tests

A

API20C, ID32C

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62
Q

CHROMagar

A

Candida

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63
Q

For unknown yeast

A

Germ tube test

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64
Q

Dalmau-Plate

A

Cornmeal agar

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65
Q

Candida

A

Mannan antigen

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66
Q

Galactomannan

A

Aspergillus

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67
Q

Fungicidal agents
Target:

A

Ergosterol

-Amphotericin B: systemic fungi (most common)
-Nystatin
-Azole (Fluconazole): fungistatic
-Griseofulvin (IV): dermatophytes

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68
Q

AST methods

A

Broth microdilution method
E-test method

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69
Q

Microscopic exam

A

Genus-spp ID (molds)

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70
Q

Non invasive

A

Superficial Mycoses

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71
Q

No immune response from the host

A

Superficial Mycoses

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72
Q

MOT: person-to-person (garment)

A

Superficial Mycoses

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73
Q

Superficial Mycoses:

A

-M. furfur
-P. hortai
-T. beigelii
-P. werneckii

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74
Q

Ptyriasis versicolor (An-An)

A

M. furfur

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75
Q

Hypo/Hyperpigmentation of skin

A

M. furfur

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76
Q

KOH: budding yeast cells and hyphae

A

M. furfur

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77
Q

PAS: “Spaghetti and meatballs”

A

M. furfur

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78
Q

Lipophilic: require lipids for growth (SDA + olive oil)

A

M. furfur

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79
Q

Hair

A

Piedra agents

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80
Q

Black piedra

A

P. hortai

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81
Q

Dematiaceous

A

P. hortai

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82
Q

Ascospores (sexual)

A

P. hortai

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83
Q

White piedra

A

T. beigelii

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84
Q

Cream colored

A

T. beigelii

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85
Q

Arthrospores (asexual)

A

T. beigelii

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86
Q

Tinea nigra

A

Phaeoannelomyces (Exophiala) werneckii

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87
Q

Brownish spot (dark pigmentation)

A

Phaeoannelomyces (Exophiala) werneckii

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88
Q

Dematiaeous: moist, shiny-black and yeast-like colonies

A

Phaeoannelomyces (Exophiala) werneckii

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89
Q

Cutaneous mycoses
= skin, hair, nails
= skin, hair
= skin, nails

A

Trichophyton

Microsporum

Epidermophyton

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90
Q

Keratinophilic

A

Dermatophytes

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91
Q

Tinea or ringworm

A

Dermatophytes

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92
Q

Dermatophytes

Endothrix:

Ectothrix:

A

-T. tonsurans: dandruff (Tinea capitis)
-T. violaceum

-M. gypseum
-M. canis
-T. verrucosum

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93
Q

Beard
Scalp
Body
Groin
Foot (Athlete’s foot)
Nails

A

Tinea barbae

Tinea capitis

Tinea corporis

Tinea cruris

Tinea pedis

Tinea unguium

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94
Q

Red pigment

A

T. rubrum

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95
Q

Microconidia: tear-drop shaped (side)

A
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96
Q

Macroconidia: pencil-shaped

A

T. rubrum

97
Q

Colony: Fluffy white w/ red color reverse

A

T. rubrum

98
Q

Microconidia: grape-like (cluster)

A

T. mentagrophytes

99
Q

(+) Hair penetration test: V-shaped
(+) Urease

A

T. mentagrophytes

100
Q

Thiamine-requiring

A

T. tonsurans

101
Q

Black dot tinea capitis

A

T. tonsurans

102
Q

Microconidia: Balloon-shaped

A

T. tonsurans

103
Q

Colony: Creamy white w/ crater-like depression

A

T. tonsurans

104
Q

Require thiamine and inositol

A

T. schoenleinii

105
Q

Cause Favus: chronic hair infection

A

T. schoenleinii

106
Q

Favic chandelier hyphae

A

T. schoenleinii

107
Q

Microconidia: clavate/pyriform

A

T. verrucosum

108
Q

Macroconidia: rat-tail/string-bean-shaped

A

T. verrucosum

109
Q

Macroconidia: spindle-shaped, echinulate

A

M. canis

110
Q

(+) Wood’s lamp

A

M. canis

111
Q

Geophilic

A

M. gypseum

112
Q

Macroconidia: oblong (ellipsoidal) w/ blunt/rounded ends

A

M. gypseum

113
Q

(-) Wood’s lamp

A

M. gypseum

114
Q

Anthropophilic

A

M. audouinii

115
Q

Tinea capitis (old)

A

M. audouinii

116
Q

(NG) Rice medium

A

M. audouinii

117
Q

Macroconidia: club shaped in pairs

A

E. floccosum

118
Q

Dutch pants fuseaux

A

E. floccosum

119
Q

Tx: Dermatophytes

Local antifungal creams:

Oral

A

-Miconazole
-Tolnaltate

-Griseofulvin
-Ketoconazole

120
Q

MOT: skin trauma/prick
Habitat: soil

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

121
Q

Biopsy, granules (PAS, H&E)

A

Subcutaneous Mycoses

122
Q

Subcutaneous Mycoses:

A

-Sporothrix schenckii
-Madura foot agents
-Chromoblastomycosis agents
-Rhinosporidium seeberi
-Loboa loboi

123
Q

Mold form: flowerette/daisy-like conidia

A

S. schenckii

124
Q

Yeast form: Cigar-shaped (asteroid) bodies

A

S. schenckii

125
Q

Rose Gardener’s disease

A

S. schenckii

126
Q

Cord-like multiple subcutaneous nodules

A

S. schenckii

127
Q

Colony: White to black

A

S. schenckii

128
Q

Maduromycosis:

A

mycetoma

129
Q

Madura foot agents:

A

P. boydii = most common cause
Madurella
Leptosphaeria
Actinomycetes

130
Q

Tissue form: Granules

A

Madura foot agents

131
Q

Lesion: granulomatous lesions on foot w/ multiple draining sinus tracts

A

Madura foot agents

132
Q

Cleistothecia

A

P. boydii

133
Q

:Teleomorph/sexual form
: anamorph/asexual form

A

P. boydii

Scedosporium apiospermum

134
Q

Dematiaceous fungi

A

Chromoblastomycosis agents

135
Q

Type of sporulation: ID of genus and species

A

Chromoblastomycosis agents

136
Q

Chromoblastomycosis agents:

A
  1. Phialophora verrucosa
  2. Fonsecaea pedrosoi
  3. Cladosporium carrionii
137
Q

-Vase-like
-TOS: phialophore

A
  1. Phialophora verrucosa
138
Q

-Short chain
-w/ 1’, 2’, 3’ conidia
-TOS: Acrotheca

A
  1. Fonsecaea pedrosoi
139
Q

-Long chain (branching)
-TOS: Cladosporium

A
  1. Cladosporium carrionii
140
Q

Infected tissue: Brown sclerotic bodies (Medlar bodies)

A

Chromoblastomycosis agents

141
Q

Lesion: Cauliflower-like

A

Chromoblastomycosis agents

142
Q

Colonies: Dark w/ jet black reverse

A

Chromoblastomycosis agents

143
Q

Size: 300 μm

A

R. seeberi

144
Q

Rhinosporidiosis

A

R. seeberi

145
Q

MOT: swimming

A

R. seeberi

146
Q

Polypoid masses in nose and pharynx

A

R. seeberi

147
Q

Tissue form: Sporangium (sac-like structures filled w/ endospores)

A

R. seeberi

148
Q

Lobomycosis

A

L. loboi

149
Q

Lesion: Keloid-like subcutaneous nodule involving the extremities

A

L. loboi

150
Q

Tissue form: Multiple budding cells in chain (Sampaloc-like/Longganisa-like)

A

L. loboi

151
Q

Dimorphic

A

Systemic Mycoses

152
Q

MOT: inhalation of spores (mold) – infectious

A

Systemic Mycoses

153
Q

Specimen: Sputum

A

Systemic Mycoses

154
Q

BSL III = require BSC class II

A

Systemic Mycoses

155
Q

No person-to-person contact

A

Systemic Mycoses

156
Q

Colonies: cottony white to brown

A

Systemic Mycoses

157
Q

Systemic Mycoses Exoantigen test:

A

-B. dermatitidis
-P. brasiliensis
-H. capsulatum
-C. immitis

158
Q

Agent of:
-North American blastomycosis
-Chicago disease
-Gilchrist disease

A

B. dermatitidis

159
Q

Pneumonia and skin infections

A

B. dermatitidis

160
Q

Mold form: Lollipop in appearance

A

B. dermatitidis

P. brasiliensis

161
Q

Yeast form: Single-budding yeast w/ broad based (double centered) – diagnostic

A

B. dermatitidis

162
Q

Mickey mouse cap

A

B. dermatitidis

163
Q

Culture: Medium w/ cycloheximide
Tissue: KOH

A

B. dermatitidis

164
Q

Tx: Amphotericin B

A

B. dermatitidis

165
Q

Agent of:
-South American Blastomycosis
-Lutz Splendore-Almeida disease

A

P. brasiliensis

166
Q

Infects spleen, liver, lymph node, skin, lungs

A

P. brasiliensis

167
Q

Yeast form: Multiple budding yeast resembling Mariner’s wheel

A

P. brasiliensis

168
Q

RES parasite

A

H. capsulatum

169
Q

Agent of Darling’s disease

A

H. capsulatum

170
Q

“Arise of Tutankhamen’s tomb”

A

H. capsulatum

171
Q

USA = endemic dimorphic ffungus

A

H. capsulatum

172
Q

MOT: inhalation of spores from guanos (droppings of birds, starlings/chickens,
and bats)

A

H. capsulatum

173
Q

Mold form: Tuberculate macroconidia

A

H. capsulatum

174
Q

Yeast form: Yeast cells intracellular in macrophages

A

H. capsulatum

175
Q

Culture: Medium w/ cycloheximide (BM, sputum, tissue)

A

H. capsulatum

176
Q

Double cell

A

H. duboisii

177
Q

Figure of 8

A

H. duboisii

178
Q

Causes African histoplasmosis

A

H. duboisii

179
Q

Grows in ↑ N2

A

H. duboisii

180
Q

Tuberculate macroconidia (resembles H. capsulatum)

A

Sepedonium

181
Q

To differentiate: monomorphic

A

Sepedonium

182
Q

Agent of:
-Desert fever
-San Joaquin Valley fever

A

C. immitis

183
Q

Alkaline soil

A

C. immitis

184
Q

High humidity

A

C. immitis

185
Q

Lab. acquired infection

A

C. immitis

186
Q

Mold form: Barrel-shaped arthroconidia (200μm)

A

C. immitis

187
Q

Yeast form: spherule w/ endospores

A

C. immitis

188
Q

Culture: medium w/ cycloheximide (30’C)

A

C. immitis

189
Q

Not processed —(send)—> Reference lab

A

C. immitis

190
Q

Lab. Diagnosis (Systemic mycoses)
1. Direct examination
a. Histoplasma:
b. Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, Coccidioides:

  1. Cultures
    = RT’ (mold)
    = 37’C (yeast)
  2. Immunological tests
    a. Coccidioidin
    b. Histoplasmin
A

Wright’s/Giemsa

  • KOH: tissue form
  • PAS
  • H&E

a. SDA
b. BHIA + blood

191
Q

Exoantigen Test
Principle:
= B. dermatitidis
= C. immitis
= H. capsulatum
= P. brasiliensis

A

Double Diffusion

A

HS, HL, F

H & M

1, 2, 3

192
Q

Normal flora (Ex. Candida)
At risk: immunocompromised person

A

Opportunistic Mycoses

193
Q

Opportunistic Mycoses:

A

-Candida
-Cryptococcus
-Aspergillus

194
Q

Normal flora: skin, mucous membrane, GIT

A

C. albicans

195
Q

Produce yeast and hyphae in vivo

A

C. albicans

196
Q

-Germ tube
-Chlamydospore
-Blastoconidia
-Pseudohyphae
-True hyphae

A

C. albicans

197
Q

(+) Sucrose

A

C. albicans

198
Q

EMB: feathering colonies

A

C. albicans

199
Q

Diseases:
-Thrush
-Diaper rash
-Candidiasis (Old: Moniliasis): cutaneous, oropharyngeal (white patches), esophagitis, cheilitis, onchomycosis, vulvovaginitis, invasive infection (CNS, blood)

A

C. albicans

200
Q

Predisposing factors:
-Prolong antibiotic use especially broad spectrum = disturb pH
-Pregnancy
-DM
-Malnutrition

A

C. albicans

201
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
1. (G) SDA
2. Screening test: Germ tube test
= Organisms + Serum —(35’C for 2-3 hours)—> (+) Germ tube
3. Confirmatory test: Chlamydospore Cornmeal agar
= C. albicans → Inoculate: CMA —(RT’ for 48-72 hours)—> (+) Chlamydospore

A

C. albicans

202
Q

Other Candida spp
= infection on immunocompromised host
= 2nd common spp
= hematological disorders
= endocarditis

A

C. tropicalis

C. glabrata

C. krusei

C. parapsilosis

203
Q

Lab. Diagnosis (Candida)
Vaginal pH:
Rule out vaginosis/Trichomoniasis =
Vaginal discharge =
Fungal culture

A

4.5

alkaline pH

10% KOH (Whiff’s test)

204
Q

(+) Germ tube test
= (+) Chlamydospores, (+) Sucrose, (G) 42’C
= (-) Chlamydospores, (-) Sucrose, (NG) 42’C
= (+) Arthrospores
= (NG) 42’C, double conidia

A

C. albicans

C. stellatoidea

G. candidum

C. dubliniensis

205
Q

Found in pigeon droppings and soil

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

206
Q

MOT: inhalation of airborne organism

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

207
Q

Encapsulated yeast (India ink)

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

208
Q

Diseases:
-Meningitis
-Torulosis (Old: Cryptococcosis)
-Pneumonia

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

209
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-Old: India ink preparation = CSF, pulmonary tissue
-New: Latex agglutination (Ag): capsule

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

210
Q

-Biochemical tests:
= (+) Inositol
= (+) Urease
= (-) NO3 assimilation = yellow
= (+) Phenoloxidase = makes the colonies black
= (+) Phospholipase

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

211
Q

(G) Birdseed agar

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

212
Q

= Assimilate creatinine

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

213
Q

= Colonies: Yeastlike, mucoid, cream to brown

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

214
Q

Culture: SDA w/o cycloheximide

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

215
Q

Tx: Amphotericin B, Fluconazole

A

Cryptococcus (Filobasidiella) neoformans

216
Q

Resemble C. neoformans
Encapsulated

A

Rhodotorula

217
Q

To differentiate: = pink colonies, (+) Urease, (+) NO3 assimilation

A

Rhodotorula

218
Q

Bread mold

A

Aspergillus

219
Q

Septate hyphae

A

Aspergillus

220
Q

Found in nature: soil, plant, air

A

Aspergillus

221
Q

Vesicles: swollen conidiophores

A

Aspergillus

222
Q

Aflatoxin (toxicoses) = HCC

A

A. flavus

223
Q

Fungus ball

A

A. fumigatus

224
Q

Aspergilloma

A

A. fumigatus

225
Q

Brown to black spore

A

A. niger

226
Q

10% KOH
SDA
Ag detection (serum) = Galactomannan

A

Lab. Diagnosis (Aspergillus)

227
Q

Agents: Zygomycetes
Zygomycosis/ Mucormycosis:
-Rhizopus
-Absidia
-Mucor

A

Zygomycosis/ Mucormycosis

228
Q

MOT: inhalation of airborne conidia

A

Zygomycosis/ Mucormycosis

229
Q

Infections:
-Rhinocerebral: Rhino-facial-cranial
-Lungs, GIT, skin

A

Zygomycosis/ Mucormycosis

230
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-Culture w/ SDA

A

Zygomycosis/ Mucormycosis

231
Q

Brush-like conidiophores

A

Penicillium

232
Q

Colony: white to bluish green, yellow/brown

A

Penicillium

233
Q

Sickle or canoe shaped, multiseptate macroconidia

A

Fusarium

234
Q

Colony: Cottony white to pink or purple colony

A

Fusarium

235
Q

Dematiaceous fungi (Except Chromoblastomycosis agents)

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

236
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis:

A

-Alternaria
-Bipolaris
-Curvularia
-Dreschlera
-Exophiala

237
Q

(Old: P. carinii) Old: Protozoan cyst (parasite) because it has no ergosterol
New: Fungi because of DNA homology

A

P. jiroveci

238
Q

Diseases:
-#1 cause of pneumonia in AIDS patient
-#1 opportunistic infection in AIDS patient

A

P. jiroveci

239
Q

Lab. Diagnosis:
-Masson-Fontana silver stain
-Mucicarmine: stain for spherule

A

P. jiroveci

MICROBIO (7 decks)

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