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Elle Flashcards - Hematology 2 > Must-Knows in Hematology > Flashcards

Must-Knows in Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

Optimum concentration of EDTA

A

1.5 mg/mL

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2
Q

Disodium Salt of EDTA

A

Versene

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3
Q

Tripotassium salt of EDTA

A

Sequestrene

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4
Q

Citrate ratio for coagulation studies

A

1:9

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5
Q

Blood to Anticoagulant ratio

A

9:1

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6
Q

Ratio of Black top - Blood to additive

A

4:1

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7
Q

Contains citrate and used in Westergren ESR

A

Black top

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8
Q

Potassium oxalate (Paul-Heller’s)

A

Shrink cells

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9
Q

Ammonium oxalate (Wintrobe’s)

A

Swells cells

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10
Q

Optimum concentration for heparin

A

15 to 20 U/mL

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11
Q

Contains spray-dried K2EDTA; used in blood banking

A

Pink top

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12
Q

Contains EDTA and gel; used for molecular diagnostics

A

White top

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13
Q

Used in FDP studies

A

Soybean trypsin inhibitor

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14
Q

Contains Sodium heparin and sodium EDTA; used for toxicology

A

Royal blue top

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15
Q

Used for Lead Testing

A

Tan top tube

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16
Q

Contains thrombin (clot activator)

A

Yellow/gray and orange

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17
Q

Process that retains blood within the vascular system during periods of injury, localizes the reactions involved to the site of injury and repairs and reestablishes blood flow through the injured vessels

A

Hemostasis

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18
Q

Involves platelets and blood vessels

A

Primary Hemostasis

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19
Q

Involves coagulation factors

A

Secondary Hemostasis

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20
Q

Deficiency of vWF, Abnormal results with ristocetin; normal with ECA

A

von Willebrand disease

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21
Q

gp1b deficiency

A

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome

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22
Q

Used to identify abnormal hemoglobins

A

Hemoglobin electrophoresis

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23
Q

This uses ph 8.6 and cannot be used to identify HbS since Hemoglobin S co-migrates with HbD and HbG

A

Cellulose Acetate Hb Electrophoresis

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24
Q

Uses ph 6-6.3 and can identify Hemoglobin S

A

Citrate agar Hb Electrophoresis

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25
Q

Hemoglobin S Screening
(+) sickling of cells

A

Sodium Metabisulfite Test

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26
Q

Hemoglobin S Screening
(+) turbidity

A

Sodium dithionite test

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27
Q

Measure HbA2

A

Anion exchange microchromatography

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28
Q

What’s the reagent used in Betke test?

A

NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide)

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29
Q

An Alkali denaturation test for hemoglobin

A

Betke Test

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30
Q

Reagent used in Singer Test

A

KOH

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31
Q

Screening for HbH
Incubate at 50C for 2 hours

A

Heat Precipitation Test

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32
Q

Used to screen for Hemoglobin
17% solution

A

Isopropanol precipitation test

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33
Q

RBC membrane Components

A

Protein - 50%
Lipid - 40%
Carbohydrate - 10%

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34
Q

Enzyme which maintains cholesterol content of red cell membrane

A

LCAT

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35
Q

Increased cholesterol

A

Codocyte

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36
Q

Decreased cholesterol

A

Ovalocyte

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37
Q

This maintains biconcave shape of RBCs

A

Spectrin and actin

Take note: Spectrin is the framework of RBC and a deficiency or a problem in spectrin causes hereditary spherocytosis

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38
Q

Supplies 90% of ATP; 2 ATP generated per lactic acid broken down

A

Embden-Meyerhof Pathway

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39
Q

10% of glycolysis
Provides reduced glutathione to prevent denaturation of Hb

A

Hexose Monophosphate Pathway

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40
Q

Consist of denatured hemoglobin

A

Heinz bodies

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41
Q

Required to demonstrate reticulocytes, Heinz bodies and HbH

A

Supravital stains

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42
Q

Process of removing of inclusions in RBCs by the spleen

A

Pitting

43
Q

This generates 2,3 DPG, which regulates the affinity of Hb for oxygen

A

Rapoport-Leubering pathway

44
Q

Maintains hemoglobin iron in the ferrous state

A

Methemoglobin reductase pathway

45
Q

Destruction of senescent/aged RBCs by the spleen

A

Culling

46
Q

Destroys 90% of aged RBCs
Happens within Reticuloendothelial System
Complement is not activated

A

Extravascular lysis

47
Q

Destroys 10% of aged RBCs; complement is activated within the blood vessel

A

Intravascular lysis

48
Q

Major storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

49
Q

Variation in size

A

Anisocytosis

50
Q

Correlates with degree of anisocytosis; Normal 11.5-14.5%

A

Red Cell Distribution Width

51
Q

80-100 fL; Seen in acute blood loss, hemolytic anemia; aplastic anemia

A

Normocytic RBC

52
Q

It’s a form of Congenital aplastic anemia

A

Fanconi’s Anemia

53
Q

Congenital pure red cell aplasia

A

Diamond Blackfan

54
Q

Panic values (values that needs to be reported immediately) for hematocrit

A

<14%, >60%

55
Q

Iron content determination methods of hemoglobin

A

Kennedy
Wong

56
Q

Amount of iron in hemoglobin

A

3.47 mg/mL

57
Q

It contain the enzyme LAP and glycoside alkaline phosphatase

A

Neutrophil

58
Q

Panic values of WBCs

A

<2000, >50000

59
Q

It is also associated with mycosis fungoides

A

Pautier’s abcess

60
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in the presence of cryoglobulin, cryofibrinogen

A

Increase

61
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in the presence of giant platelets

A

Increase

62
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in high wbc

A

Increase

63
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in hyperglycemia >600 mg/dL

A

Increase

64
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in autoagglutination

A

Decrease

65
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in clotted samples

A

Decrease

66
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) with hemolysis in vitro

A

Decrease

67
Q

Hematocrit (automated method) in the presence of microcytic red cells

A

Decrease

68
Q

Hematocrit level requiring anticoagulant correction in coagulation studies

A

55%

69
Q

This is the ESR method requiring correction

A

Wintrobe

70
Q

ESR method NOT requiring correction

A

Westergen

71
Q

Corrected when nRBCs are present

A

WBC count

72
Q

Corrected in patients with lower hematocrit

A

Reticulocyte count

73
Q

Wavelength at which hemoglobin determination is read

A

540 nm

74
Q

It is the cytogenetic abnormality in fab M2

A

t(8q;21q)

75
Q

It is the cytogenetic abnormality in M3

A

t(15;17)

76
Q

It is the cytogenetic abnormality in M5a

A

t(9;11)

77
Q

It is the cytogenetic abnormality in CML

A

t(9q;22q)

78
Q

Length of the clay plug

A

4-6 mm

79
Q

Length of tube to be filled with blood in the microhematocrit method

A

5 cm

80
Q

This is also known as parahemophilia

A

Owren

81
Q

Deficient in parahemophilia or Owren’s Disease

A

Factor V

82
Q

Stains eosinophilic component of eosinophilic leukemia

A

Cyanide resistant peroxidase

83
Q

Poor separation of RBC from plasma layer due to increased number of reticulocytes

A

Stratified sedimentation

84
Q

This causes darker staining of reticulocytes

A

High FBS

85
Q

This causes pale staining of reticulocytes

A

Heparin

86
Q

This is the time when you expected the D-dimer becomes positive after the onset of DIC

A

4 hours

87
Q

Dawn of neutrophilia

A

Myelocytes

88
Q

Aggregates of 3-4 cells

A

Rouleaux: 1+

89
Q

Aggregates of 5-10 cells

A

Rouleaux: 2+

90
Q

Rouleaux: Only Few free RBCs

A

Rouleaux: 3+

91
Q

1%

A

Slight Polychromasia

92
Q

3%

A

1+ Polychromasia

93
Q

5%

A

2+ Polychromasia

94
Q

10%

A

3+ Polychromasia

95
Q

> 11%

A

4+ Polychromasia

96
Q

Effect of thin smear on PBS staining

A

Excessively red

97
Q

Platelet count: markedly decreased

A

0-49,000

98
Q

Platelet count: moderately decreased

A

50000-99000

99
Q

Platelet count:100,000-149,000

A

Slightly decreased

100
Q

Platelet count:150,000-199,000

A

Low normal

101
Q

Platelet count: 200,000-400,000

A

Normal

102
Q

Platelet count: 401,000-599,000

A

Slightly decreased

103
Q

Platelet count: Moderately increased

A

600,000-800,000

104
Q

Platelet count: >800,000

A

Markedly increased

Elle Flashcards - Hematology 2 (4 decks)

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