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Middle East final exam > Muslim Brotherhood > Flashcards

Muslim Brotherhood Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Brotherhood founded?

A

1928

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2
Q

What was the name of the founder of the Brotherhood?

A

Hasan al-Bannan

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3
Q

al-Bannan was engaged in which Islamic order?

A

Hasafiyya (the Sufi)

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4
Q

What was “Jaw-wala”?

A

A paramilitary formation of the Brotherhood, also called Rovers

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5
Q

what does fikra mean?

A

ideology

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6
Q

The Brotherhood focused on action and organization, over ideology (fikra). What is action and organization in arabic?

A

amal (action) and tandhiim (organization)

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7
Q

What was the al-Da’wa?

A

Public journal of the Brotherhood

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8
Q

What does shahid mean?

A

Martyr

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9
Q

what does “din wa dawla” mean?

A

religion and state

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10
Q

When was the coup of the Free Officers?

A

1952

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11
Q

Explain the assassination attempt of Nasser in 1956

A

In 1956, Mahmud Abd al-Latif, a member of the Brotherhood’s secret apparatus attempted to kill Nasser, all bullets missed and despite the attack being condemned by the Brotherhood, a trial and thousand of members begun - 6 members were hanged in december that year

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12
Q

What does mihna mean?

A

ordeal

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13
Q

Who was Sayyid Qutb?

A

Ideologue of the Brotherhood

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14
Q

Explain the concept of Jahiliyya

A

Direct meaning is ignorance

it refers to the society before the advent of Islam, but it modern times it refers to man-made systems of law and society - blind of the will of God

Qutb argues that the Western democracies were Jahiliyya

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15
Q

Explain the concept of Hakimiyyat

A

Direct meaning is the absolute sovereignty of God - the opposite of Jahiliyya

Implementation of law of God and the Quran (sharia)

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16
Q

What does kafir mean?

A

concept developed by Qutb, means non-believer.

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17
Q

When did Nasser die?

A

1970, succeeded by his vise President, Anwar Sadat

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18
Q

In short terms, explain how the Brotherhood approach society with their ideas of societal change and the return to an Islamic state?

A

The Brotherhood focused on a bottom-up approach, reacing out to local communities, coffeshops, mosques, and neighbour to neighbour tactics.

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19
Q

What does ijtihad mean, and in what context does the author use it?

A

ijtihad means human reason, and is used to describe how the Brotherhood wanted laws to be made.

the brotherhood insisted on the need for ijtihad - human reason - for the construction of laws, so laws in the Islamic state needed to be created by ijtihad and the sacred texts to create laws that were relevant to the needs of muslim communities in modern times

20
Q

Amongst those who encouraged jihad, who were the targets of jihad?

A

Western imperialists and the zionists who occupied land from Muslims

21
Q

When did the Brotherhood create an secret apparatus ?

A

1942 and 1943

22
Q

Who was appointed leader of the Brotherhood in 1951?

A

Hasan al-Hudeibi

23
Q

Who were the prime target of Nasser’s state?

A

The Brotherhood

24
Q

When did Qubt die?

A

1966, he was hanged and honored a sa shahid

25
Q

What is murshid?

A

the supreme guide of the brotherhood

26
Q

What is hudoud?

A

Quranic punishment for Sharia law

27
Q

When did Sadat approve of the Brotherhood’s wishes regarding Article 2 of the constitution

A

1980

28
Q

When did the Brotherhood oppose the religious legitimicay of Sadat?

A

When he visited Jersulam and signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1977

29
Q

What were the similarities and differences of the Brotherhood and the Jihadist groups

A

Similarities: Segregation of women, traditional view of political systems and implementation of Sharia law.

Differences: the Brotherhood condemned the idea depicting ordinary muslims and infidels, against the violence against the state

30
Q

What does hizbiyya mean?

A

Partyism

31
Q

How did the Brotherhood seek to rise religious commitment in Egypt? (tarbiya)

A

Through Islamic upbringing “tarbiya”

32
Q

What was Du’ah La Qudah?

A

It was written by Hudeibi to refute the ideas of Qutb and provided a theological justification for a continuation of the Brotherhoods gradualist approach to islamic reform

33
Q

When al-Hideibi die?

A

1973

34
Q

Who was Umar al-Tilmisani?

A

Emerged as the Brotherhood spokesman after Hasan al-Hudeibi died, he held his position until his death in 86’.

35
Q

What does haraka mean?

A

movement

36
Q

what does jam’iyya mean?

A

association

37
Q

What does Infitah mean?

A

opening

38
Q

What is the Al-Ahram?

A

the government controlled daily newspaper in Egypt

39
Q

What does takfir mean?

A

the act of designating a muslims commitment to Islam as kafir

40
Q

What was the most prominent Jihad group that emerged after Qubt?

A

The Military Academy Group and the Society of Muslism

41
Q

Who was Shukri Mustafa ?

A

leader of the Society of Muslims

42
Q

When was al-Jihad established?

A

in 1975

43
Q

Who assassinated President Anwar Sadat?

A

It was Faraj’s group, which merged with militant Islamist student leaders from Upper Egypt

44
Q

When was Anwar Sadat killed?

A

October 6th, 1981

45
Q

What was Al-Nizam al-khas?

A

armed apparatus for military operations against the Brits

Middle East final exam (9 decks)

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