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Middle East final exam > Mid-term exam and activity 9 > Flashcards

Mid-term exam and activity 9 Flashcards

1
Q

When did the prophet Muhammad die?

A

632 CE

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2
Q

What is the term that refers to those who rules immediately after the death of Muhammad and were also his contemporaries?

A

rashidun

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3
Q

What is the most extended theological school in North Africa?

A

Maliki

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4
Q

This word literally means “the learned ones” and it refers to a class of religious leaders:

A

ulama

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5
Q

Where was Muhammad’s tribe from?

A

Mecca

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6
Q

Who were the first four caliphs?

A

Ali Akbar, Umar, Uthman and Ali

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7
Q

What’s the Arabic term to refer to the community of Muslims?

A

umma

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8
Q

What is the most extended theological school in Saudi Arabia?

A

Hanbali

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9
Q

According to the majority Shi’is, there are how many Imams after the death of Muhammad?

A

12

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10
Q

What does the period between 1954 and 1967 refer to?

A

the Arab Cold War

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11
Q

Muhammad Bouazizi was demonstrating against…

A

Police corruption

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12
Q

Who was the chief architect of the alliance between the Zionist movement and the Brits?

A

Chaim Weizmann

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13
Q

From what Jewish paramilitary group does the IDF come from?

A

The Haganah

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14
Q

In what year did the UN partition plan pass the map of the “two serpents”?

A

1947

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15
Q

According to Shi’is, who should have been the first caliph after Muhammad?

A

Ali

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16
Q

Which is not one of the major four madhab or traditions of Islamic jurisprudence?

Surfism, Hanbail, Maliki, Shafi’i

A

Sufism

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17
Q

The Hezbollah in Lebanon are best described as…

A

Twelver Shi’a

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18
Q

Which branch of Islam is the religious majority of Iran?

A

Twelver Shiism

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19
Q

What language does Iran speak?

A

Farsi’

20
Q

Where did the Arab Spring start?

A

Tunisia

21
Q

Marc Lynch coined the Arab Spring and “spring” refers to…

A

The Springtime of Nations in Europe 1848

22
Q

Where was Ben Ali from?

A

Tunisia

23
Q

When did the Arab uprising begin?

A

17th of December 2010

24
Q

What country is the only one who has been able to remain a democracy (until recently) after the Arab Spring?

A

Tunisia

25
Q

What is the name of the Egyptian president that was brought down by the Arab Spring?

A

Hosni Mubarak

26
Q

What is the first step to democratization in a authoritarian regime?

A

Coalition of opposition parties

27
Q

What started the constitutional crisis in Tunisia?

A

CNA members pledged to only spend one year writing the constitution

28
Q

When was the constitution finalized in Tunisia?

A

27th of January 2014

29
Q

Which political leader convinced the CNA in Tunisia to implement the “one voice”?

A

Mustapha Ben Jaafar

30
Q

Who were the two dictator in Tunisia before the Arab Spring?

A

Habib Bourguiba and Ben Ali

31
Q

When was the fall of Ben Ali?

A

January 14th 2011

32
Q

Which two concepts were developed by Sayyid Qutb?

A

Jahiliyya and Hakimiyya

33
Q

Which two groups were the main target of persecution in the beginning of the Sadat Era?

A

Nasserists and Socialists

34
Q

Which new principle was applied by Jihasidst groups after the expansion of the Islamic movement?

A

Takfir

35
Q

When was the GCC founded?

A

1981

36
Q

Which are the six member states that composed the GCC?

A

Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates

37
Q

Why was the GCC created?

A

To confront the Iran revolution and the Iran-Iraq war

38
Q

Which are the most influential members of the GCC?

A

Saudi Arabia and UAE

39
Q

What was the most significant effects of the new media environment during the Arab Uprising?

A

Shattered the ability of authoritarian regimes to control the flow of ideas and enforce public conformity

40
Q

What technological advancements played a pivotal role in initiating the transformation that led to the Arab uprising?

A

Satellite television, the internet and cheap mobile phones

41
Q

What event played a crucial role in bringing the Arab Cold War to a symbolic close?

A

The unification of Egypt and Syria to form the United Arab Republic (UAR)

42
Q

What is meant with the term “the dispossessed”?

A

Men who have been marginalized and excluded from the shah’s modernization program concentrated in the large cities

43
Q

What is meant with the term “Waithood”?

A

A period between adolescence and adulthood

44
Q

In which period was Hashemi Rafsanjani’s presidency?

A

1989-1997

45
Q

What does the term Moafaq mean?

A

successful

Middle East final exam (9 decks)

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