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Middle East final exam > Iran: generational changes > Flashcards

Iran: generational changes Flashcards

1
Q

When did the Shah flee Iran?

A

January 1979

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2
Q

Where was Khomeini exiled before the revolution?

A

France

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3
Q

When did Khomeini return from exile?

A

11th February 1979

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4
Q

What event after the revolution consolidated the regime and their power to imprison those who opposed it?

A

The Iran-Iraq war, the state would imprison people who opposed the regime on the basis of national security concerns

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5
Q

Khomeini swore to right the social wrongs of the Shah - such as..

A

redistributing wealth, eliminating poverty, shantytowns, unemployment and morally corrupt behaviour

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6
Q

What does abaqeh-e pāyin mean?

A

lower class

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7
Q

What does tabaqeh-e bālā mean?

A

upper class

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8
Q

What was fetneh?

A

Sedition - referred to when talking about the Green Movement

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9
Q

When was the Green Movement?

A

2009

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10
Q

When did the Islamic revolution begin?

A

1977

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11
Q

What does mostaz’afin mean? explain the context

A

I means the members of the dispossessed masses, they had indigenous organizing networks in the mosques and neighborhoods - which helped recruiting soldiers to the war effort

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12
Q

Who started the war between Iran and Iraq?

A

Iraq invaded in 1980

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13
Q

What type of warfare was used in the Iran-Iraq war that had not been used since WW1

A

trench warfare

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14
Q

How did the Iran-Iraq end?

A

Signed a UN cease-fire in 1988, there were no territorial changes

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15
Q

What is the komiteh-ye markazi?

A

Islamic Republic’s Central Committee

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16
Q

What was the initial goal of the IRCC?

A

defend the revolution against counter revolutionaries and a coup internally and externally

outlined by Article 150 in the constitution

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17
Q

Why was the IRCC necessary?

A

Because Khomeini did not trust the Artesh because they were loyal to the Shah

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18
Q

What is the Artesh?

A

Artesh is the army of Iran - which safeguard the territory and nations

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19
Q

12 000 Artesh personnel were killed or imprisoned between…

A

1979 and 1980

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20
Q

Recruitment of the IRCC was based on recruits…

A

ideological and political commitment

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21
Q

Recruits of the IRCC had to pass which test?

A

Test on the Quran (Nahj al Balagheh) by Imam Ali,

the Hukumat-e Islami (Islamic government) by Khomeini

Military and strategic tests

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22
Q

What was the main difference between the IRCC and other military groups in the region ?

A

Unlike the Military in ex Syria, the IRCC was not controlled by a family or tribe - but by people who remain loyal to the republic

23
Q

What was the Basij?

A

Volunteer paramilitary group launched in 1980 by Khomeini

24
Q

What is Sāzmān-e Basij-e
Mostaz’afin?

A

the full name of the Basij, it means the mobilization of the oppressed

25
Q

How did the Basij recruit members?

A

focus on neighborhood recruitment and, one could sign up in his or hers local neighbourhood Basij center

26
Q

What does barg-e e’zam mean?

A

official permission for deployment

27
Q

What is pādegāh-e āmuzeshi?

A

Basij training center

28
Q

Explain the training of Basij members?

A

sent to pādegāh-e āmuzeshi, were they endured a 45 day program involving shooting practice, strength training and strategic training.

after the 45 days they were given specialities

29
Q

What were the requirements of joining the Basij?

A

All ages could join, even women were members

Minor could also join with the signature of a parent

30
Q

How does the Iranians remember the relationship between the IRCC and Basij?

A

Brotherly and equal - IRCC would wear the same uniforms as the Basij and did not want to differentiate themselves from the Basij despite their higher ranking

Referred to each other as “barādar” (Brother)

31
Q

What does barādar mean?

A

Brother

32
Q

The veterans said they had joined the Basij because…

A

they wanted to defend their nation and the revolution

33
Q

What does nāmus mean?

A

Honor

34
Q

What event changed the Iranians positive perception on the Basij?

A

The Green Movement in 2009

35
Q

Who are the first generation members of the Basij?

A

those who fought in the Iran-Iraq war

36
Q

Who are the second generation members of the Basij?

A

Those who joined in the 1990s - they were instrumental in the post war efforts of the organization

37
Q

Who are the third generation members of the Basij?

A

Those who joined the Basij around 2005, when Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was elected president

38
Q

Hashemi Rafsanjani was president in what time period?

A

1989-1997

39
Q

Ali Khamenei appointed members of the IRCC to political positions because…

A

He lacked the support of Khomeini, and appointing IRCC members to high ranking political positions helped to consolidate his power

40
Q

When was Mahmoud Ahmadinejad president?

A

2005 to 2013

41
Q

Under which President did the IRCC come to play a large role in politics?

A

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

42
Q

What is the Majles

A

Parliament

43
Q

In postwar Iran, Basij members are divided in to 3 categories:

A
  1. regular 2. active and 3. special
44
Q

What does jang-e narm mean?

A

soft war

45
Q

What does vāksineh kardan mean? Explain the context

A

It mean to vaccinate society against soft war of the West

46
Q

What is Radio Farda?

A

a persian branch of the US funded Radio Free Europe

47
Q

Name some important media for the Iranian diaspora?

A

Radio Farda, Voice of America Persian service, BBC Persian

48
Q

Which classes makes up the majority of the Basij?

A

lower middle class

49
Q

How does the first and second generation of Basij members view the third?

A

as kids who joined the Basij without culture. Blindly ideological and incapable

50
Q

who does the third generation of Basij members view the first and second

A

The are appreciative of their war efforts, bu they have become corrupted by money and obsessed with making themselves elite

51
Q

What does tond-ro means?

A

hard-line

52
Q

What does the author argue is main factor that differentiates the first and second generation from the younger third generation?

A

Parenting

53
Q
A

Middle East final exam (9 decks)

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