Musical trends, spaces and communities

Question 1

What was Berlyne’s theory?

Answer 1

Musical preference associated with arousal - music with intermediate degree of arousal potential is liked most.

mediating arousal:

1) psychophysical variables (tempo/volume)
2) Ecological variables (meaningfulness)
3) Collative variables (informational properties - eg level of complexity) –> most powerful (how music can be unpredictable)

However: what about songs in charts?

Question 2

What did Konečni add to the arousal theory?

Answer 2

The importance of social interactions: ie insulted –> choose of simple music to counteract arousal.

Question 3

What’s the impact of age on the listener

Answer 3

importance of age on what music you prefer. Adolescence critical period in which musical preferences become fixed.

Question 4

What’s talked about in sex preferences?

Answer 4

Masculine instruments (such as drums) and feminine instruments (such as clarinet)

Question 5

What’s the relationship between personality and music?

Answer 5

Links between personality traits and musical preferences (ie sensation seeking and heavy rock). Also seen as rap –> rebellious behaviour

Question 6

Explain the reciprocal response model

Answer 6

Shows the importance of the music, the listener and the listening situation working together interactively.

Question 7

What is meant by collective sound?

Answer 7

shared collective creativity is predicated on shared historical knowledge for specific communities

Question 8

According to Hargreaves, what are the 3 outcomes of education?

Answer 8

Music-artistic
Personal
Socio-cultural

Question 9

What’s said about music and communities?

Answer 9

It’s important to both listen and show that you are listening (think myspace)

Question 10

How is music used in psychoanalysis?

Answer 10

Bring patient to potential space - therapist explore how music is a symbol in a pre-state - awakening is needed.