Communication and interaction Flashcards
What are the 3 main questions?
1) Is verbal or non-verbal language more powerful?
2) Do gestures convey information too?
3) what relevant actions are talk, gaze and gesture accomplishing or orientating to?
what was Mehriban’s studies and what did they find?
uttered words as ‘maybe’ and see what the tone of voice meant (or photo of face).
Found that verbal only accounted for 7%
Criticism of Mehriban
Beattie: Ecological validity (= very different from everyday life)
What was Argyle’s verbal/nonverbal studies and what did they find?
Hostile, friendly and neutral messages delivered in different tones participants asked to rate how friendly message was (think the I don’t much like meeting participants message)
Found that tone said more than message –> separate systems –> 12.5 times more powerful than verbal
Criticism of Argyle (communication)
Beattie: Same person delivered the message in different tones - may have worked out the rationale of the study (maybe friendly version sounded like a joke?)
Argyle’s other study what did he do?
Gaze experiment (2, 6 or 10 feet away)
Equilibrium hypothesis (not too far away not too close)
Criticism of Argyle (gaze)
Not like social encounters in real life –> lacked external validity.
Inbuilt error in how gaze was measured (hard to see)
What was McNeils experiment?
Participant watched Cartoon and then told it on to someone who had not seen it.
(does gestures convey meaning too?): mixed up gestures and speech or used only speech
Criticism of conveying information research
Too often 1 person speaks, 1 person listens –> again not very everyday like
Too focused on what is more powerful (doesn’t say a lot about understanding interactions)
Discarding what may seem as unimportant data in studies
Gestures in interaction (Goodwin)
Even seemingly meaningless practises can be found to do things in interaction (ie restarts)
What is meant by rethinking talk and psychology
discursive analysis: ideological context (implications in rethinking traditional concepts in psychology)
Interactional context: interaction implications when rethinking psychology (eg attribution approached as explanations in sequences of interaction)
Which examples of reconstruction of psychological categories are there?
Racism (I am not anti them at all you know…)
Emotion (ie anger can be used to construct reactions - as reactions)
Issues of stake (Edwards & Potter)
other people’s talk may may reflect their interest (stake) in what is being said
What is meant by doing interactions in speech?
Think ‘if you come over, I’ll make a cup of coffee)
