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Music 1091 > Music Test 3 Review > Flashcards

Music Test 3 Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Lived from (1797-1828) and wrote over 600 songs.

A

Schubert

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2
Q

Who wrote the Erlking?

A

Schubert, he wrote it at 18 years old, through composed, lied (1815). A poem.

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3
Q

What was the play Faust about and who wrote it?

A

It was about a man that sold his soul to the devil to get a woman and it was written by Johann William von Goethe..

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4
Q

Who are the four characters of the Erlking?

A

The narrator, the father, the son, and the evil elf king.

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5
Q

When the music is changed slightly every time new words or texts were introduced (ABCDEF) ?

A

through composed (Strophic)

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6
Q

When a German poem is set to music with solo voice and piano accompaniment?

A

Art song (Lied in German)

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7
Q

What was the Romantic period obsessed with?

A

death and the supernatural

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8
Q

Who wrote the Symphonie Fantastique and why did they write it? What are the dates of the composer?

A

Hector Berlioz (1803-1869) wrote it to show his love for Harriet Smithson. It has a tuba. (program music) (1830) Every movement of the symphony has something to do with their relationship.

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9
Q

Who is Harriet Smithson?

A

A British actress that was acting in the play Romeo and Juliet the night that Berlioz went to see it. After seeing her, Berlioz became obsessed and in love with her. They eventually get married.

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10
Q

When there is a paper for the musical work and every movement of the work represents a story that is described in the paper program. When the composer uses a story to correlate with the music.

A

program music

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11
Q

What is the term referred to when Berlioz wrote the melody to represent the woman he fell in love with?

A

idee fixe

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12
Q

Ancient Gregordian chant that is part of the Catholic Mass for the dead. This one was used in the Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz. This is when the tuba is played in the fifth movement.

A

Dies Irae

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13
Q

When was photography first invented?

A

1839

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14
Q

Who wrote almost exclusively piano music?

A

Chopin

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15
Q

Lived from (1810-1849). The year he died, he had his photograph taken. One of the first composers to be photographed. Specialized in character pieces.

A

Chopin

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16
Q

Short romantic piano pieces that have programatic titles?

A

Character piece

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17
Q

Nocturne in c# minor

A

Character piece written by Chopin

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18
Q

What is a Nocturne?

A

A slow piece usually for piano that is meant to evoke the mystery and the beauty of the night.

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19
Q

Borrowing notes and pitches from other keys and adding them to his keys is the technique called?

A

Greater chromatic harmony

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20
Q

What is someone that is very dedicated and virtuous in their practicing?

A

Virtuoso

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21
Q

Who was a piano virtuoso?

A

Liszt

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22
Q

Who was a violin virtuoso?

A

Paganini

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23
Q

Who only wrote operas?

A

Verdi and Wagner

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24
Q

La Traviata

A

“Sempre Libera”aria, (highest note high E-flat above “high C”) (1853) written by Verdi once he was already famous.

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25
Q

Dates of the American Civil War?

A

(1861-1865)

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26
Q

Story of La Traviata

A

About a real person who actually lived. Violetta was a prostitute, wealthy woman with wealthy clients. Alfredo was a customer that fell in love with her and wanted her to be his wife, declines his proposal in her aria “Sempre Libera”.

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27
Q

Tristan and Isolde

A

(1865) “Liebestod”-“Love Death” aria

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28
Q

What is the supernatural element in Wagner’s opera Tristan and Isolde?

A

the love potion

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29
Q

What did Wagner like to base his opera’s off of?

A

Nordic Myths and legends

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30
Q

What is the story of Tristan and Isolde?

A

They met on a boat where Tristan was part of the group that has taken her prisoner to be involuntarily to be married to King Mark (the king of Denmark), she asked her maid to mix a death potion, instead the maid makes a love potion. When Isolde dies later she sings her death aria.

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31
Q

What did Wagner and Verdi each like about sopranos?

A

Verdi- high notes, Wagner- the volume and power of the voice

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32
Q

Total art work or complete art work

A

Gesamptkunstwerk

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33
Q

Little fragments of a melody designed to describe a person, place, thing, or idea that reoccur and act as guidance throughout the music.

A

Leitmotif

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34
Q

Who represented nationalism?

A

Mussorgsky, wrote Pictures at an Exhibition (Nationalism)

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35
Q

When in a patriotic way you use folk songs, religious music, stories and use them in your musical composition to pay honor or tribute to your nation. First of the “isms”.

A

Nationalism

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36
Q

A work of a solo instrument (violin) and an orchestra.

A

violin concerto

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37
Q

Used double stops in his violin concerto?

A

Brahms

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38
Q

The three B’s of music?

A

Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms

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39
Q

Where did Brahms travel throughout his lifetime and how did this influence his music?

A

He traveled in the Gypsy countries (Hungary, and Romania), used Gypsy melodies throughout his life in different pieces.

40
Q

Violin Concerto, Mvt. 3

A

Brahms, uses Gypsy melodies and double stopping (Gypsy theme)

41
Q

Russian composer that mostly wrote ballets, wrote the Nutcracker, “Dance of the Reed Pipes (Flutes)”

A

Tchaikovsky

42
Q

When was the Romantic era?

A

1820-1900

43
Q

A lengthy single movement work, very free in form and programatic in nature.

A

Symphonic poem or Tone poem

44
Q

What did the Romantic spirit do?

A

rebelled against classical ideals

45
Q

When was the phonograph developed?

A

1876/77

46
Q

What was Romeo and Juliet?

A

A famous play by Shakespeare

47
Q

Richard Wagner did not referred to his later works as operas, but instead called them?

A

Music Dramas, he thought that his opera’s were too good to be called operas and want people to call them this but it did not stick.

48
Q

Romantic Opera of the 19th century was referred to as?

A

“Grand Opera” century “Golden Age of Opera”

49
Q

Music that was intended to be appreciated without any particular reference to the outside world.

A

Absolute music

50
Q

Mussorgsky creates “Pictures at an Exhibition” in remembrance of who?

A

Victor Hartman

51
Q

What are some new orchestral instruments of the Romantic era?

A

contra bassoon, bass clarinet, and the piccolo

52
Q

The Romantic Era of ballet is commonly said to have been ushered in by the?

A

framed ballerina

53
Q

Lived from (1862-1918), died near the end of WW1, famous French composer. The “Father of Modern Music”. The Father of Impressionism. Used Whole Tone Scale, which has no half-steps. Also, pentatonic scales, which have 5 tones and no half-steps.

A

Debussy

54
Q

What is a faun?

A

half man, half goat

55
Q

Who wrote the Prelude to the Afternoon of Faun and what year was it made?

A

Debussy (1894)

56
Q

What music was a movement among various composers in Western classical music, mainly during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, whose music focuses on suggestion and atmosphere, “conveying the moods and emotions aroused by the subject rather than a detailed tone‐picture”?

A

Impressionism

57
Q

Died in 1970, famous Russian composer whose famous ballets shocked the world at their Paris Premieres, esp. “Rite of Spring,” in 1913 to which the police had to be summoned to stop a riot. “Rite” features powerful rhythmic ostinatos and wild, colorful orchestration. This piece was used in Walt Disney’s masterpiece Fantasia. Primitivism, polymeter, polytonality, etc.

A

Stravinsky

58
Q

What the song “Rite of Spring” about?

A

A sacrifice of a virgin to the gods of ancient prehistoric times. Tribal society.

59
Q

When Stravinsky borrowed from 2 keys at once and play them simultaneously?

A

Polytonality

60
Q

When Stravinsky used more than one meter at a time?

A

Polymeter

61
Q

Used by Stravinsky. Was a fascination held by some artists and composers of the early 20th century. Its focus is the art and music of non-Western and non-literate cultures.

A

Primitivism

62
Q

Died 1950. An Austrian Jew who fled Hitler’s takeover of Austria, came to the USA. Wrote “Pierrot Lunaire” (1912) in an atonal style with a special technique called Sprechstimme. He soon thereafter created the “12-tone” system, a form of Serialism. Associated with the artistic movement known as Expressionism.

A

Schoenberg

63
Q

What is Sprechstimme?

A

Half sung and half spoken (speech-song). Used when there was a poetry that had to be sung or performed

64
Q

What is the 12-tone system (atonal- no tone)?

A

Played by the Black Keys on the piano. Once one of the 12 notes have been played, it cannot be played again until all 11 other notes are played. No single note can gain predominance over another note.

65
Q

An outgrowth of atonality. The 12- tone system is part of it. Since you are making a series of choices, they refer to it as?

A

Serialism

66
Q

The style of music that Schoenberg composed in. The period when music became increasingly emotional and complex. The composers exploited extreme psychological states extending to hysteria, nightmare, and insanity.

A

Expressionism

67
Q

A poem that Schoenberg turned into music. It is about a poor little puppet that horrible things happen to it when the moon is full. Dissonant sounding music.

A

“Pierrot Lunaire”

68
Q

Outstanding American Composer, born in New York City, (1900-1990). His ballet (ostinatos) “Appalachian Spring” (1944) uses the Shaker melody “Simple Gifts.” used other American themes in ballets “Rodeo” (about cowboys) and “Billy the Kid” (about outlaws)

A

Aaron Copland

69
Q

A person that does not believe in producing offspring, very spiritual and very musical group of people. Eventually died off.

A

Shakers

70
Q

Dates of WW2?

A

1939-1945

71
Q

French-American 1883- 1965. Pioneer in new sounds and early electronic music and musique concrete (real (now called sampling)).

A

Edgard Varese

72
Q

Was called an American original. He created a new genre of music called chance music. Wrote 4’33”.

A

John Cage

73
Q

Music with large amounts of randomness or chance to it.

A

Chance music

74
Q

American Composer (born 1939- still living). Writes eclectic music. “Concerto Grosso” (1985) blends baroque and modern elements, has a third movement based on a melody by Handel. First woman to win a Pulitzer Prize for music.

A

Ellen Taaffe Zwillich

75
Q

Who was born 300 years before Zwillich wrote her Concerto Grosso to celebrate the birth of this person.

A

Handel born in 1685

76
Q

American, still living. Minimalist composer (ostinatos, repetition) Wrote “A Short Ride in a Fast Machine” when?

A

John Adams (1986)

77
Q

The style of music when you use a lot of repetition and a lot of repeating ostinatos and you try to change it as little as you can. Effective in rock and roll and hip-hop.

A

Minimalism

78
Q

“Poem Electronique”

A

(1958) by Edgard Varese

79
Q

Date of WW1?

A

(1914-1918)

80
Q

When 2 or more chords are played at the same time?

A

Polychord

81
Q

What is the combining of several rhythmic patterns at once known as?

A

Polyrhythm

82
Q

The device that makes electronic music. Used by Varese in “Poem Electronique”

A

synthesizer

83
Q

Note unrelated by chords or key area played very close together at the same time producing a discordant sound (dissonance).

A

tone clusters

84
Q

Who invented the phonograph?

A

Thomas Edison

85
Q

When was “Pierrot Lunaire” made and who made it?

A

1912, Schoenberg

86
Q

When was “Rite of Spring” made and who made it?

A

1913, Stravinsky

87
Q

When was “Appalachian Spring” made and who made it?

A

1944, Aaron Copland

88
Q

What are the dates of Debussy?

A

1862-1918

89
Q

When did Schoenberg die?

A

1950

90
Q

When did Stravinsky die?

A

1970

91
Q

What are the dates of Aaron Copland?

A

1900-1990

92
Q

What are the dates of Edgard Varese?

A

1883-1965

93
Q

What are the dates of Ellen Taaffe Zwillich?

A

1939-still living

94
Q

Who did “Impression: Sunrise” and when did they do it?

A

Monet (1874)-Exhibition

95
Q

Who wrote “Pictures at an Exhibition” and when did he write it?

A

Mussorgsky (Orchestrated by Ravel 1918)

96
Q

What are the dates of Schubert?

A

1797-1828

97
Q

What are the dates of Chopin?

A

1810-1849

Music 1091 (5 decks)

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