Music Jazz' Flashcards
-Is a music genre of the late 19th and early 20th century originated from African-American communities of New Orleans.
-A descendant and contemporary of blues,
-Began as a sort of folk music for black Americans.
-It is a musical style that involves lively syncopated rhythm and improvisation.
-The elements from the music cultures of West Africa, Europe, and America were creatively combined that led to the development of jazz.
Jazz
-Rhythmic sounds of percussions
-Improvisation
-Complicated rhythmic patterns
-Call and response technique
West African influences
-Work songs
-Cakewalk dance
-Gospel hymns
-Spirituals
-Marching band instruments
American influences
-Hymns
-Folk tunes
-Piano pieces
-Popular songs
European influences
-Flute, soprano saxophone, 1-3 alto saxophones, 1-3 tenor saxophones, and/or 1-2 baritone saxophones
-Part of Jazz Band
Woodwinds
-Three to five trombones and/or three to five trumpet
-Part of Jazz Band
Brass
-Guitar or banjo, piano, plucked double bass, drums, congas, and/or tambourine
-Part of Jazz Band
Rhythm Section(The Backbone of the Jazz Ensemble)
-Lies at the core of jazz music.
-It is making music spontaneously.
Improvisation
-Other distinctive features of jazz music are syncopation and the rhythmic swing.
-Syncopation
Rhythm
-Is the displacement of accented beats by accenting weak beats, having rests on strong beats or tying notes over from a weak to a strong beat.
-A jazz musician would always deliberately deviate from notated rhythmic values.
Syncopation
-In creating jazz melodies, composers use the two kinds of scale: the blues scale and the bebop scale.
-Blues Scale
Melody
-Is not a typical scale because it does not have a second or sixth degree.
-Instead, it has the flatted third, fifth, and seventh.
Blues Scale
It is a scale of nine notes.
Bebop Scale
What were the types of popular songs
cakewalk (strutting dance of the blacks in the South),
minstrel songs,
and vaudeville songs
-Although it is not jazz, it contains features that are common in jazz music.
-This particular musical style allows a singer to sing with scoops, groans, and “bent” notes. A standardized form, called twelve-bar blues, can be found in all styles of jazz.
Blues
-This is one of the predecessors of jazz which became popular towards the end of the 19th century and first two decades of the 20th century.
-It originated from the African-American communities like St. Louis and New Orleans.
-This style was written largely for the piano, characterized by jaunty rhythms and whimsical mood.
Ragtime
-Known as the “King of Ragtime.”
-His popular pieces include “The Entertainer” and “Maple Leaf Rag.”
Scott Joplin
-This popular jazz style, also called New Orleans style is an instrumental music.
-A Dixieland band consists of 5 to 8 performers who play trombone, clarinet, drums, string bass, trumpet, piano, guitar, and banjo. Clarinet, trumpet, and trombone are the main instruments (front line) for melody.
-The other five constitute the rhythm section.
Dixieland Jazz
-Developed the hot jazz style and the scat-singing, which is an improvised singing style characterized by singing non-texted vocalizations or nonsense syllables like doo-bi-doo or du-rut-di-rut.
Louis Armstrong (1900-1971)
-This new jazz style was developed in the 1920s and reached its peak during the “swing era” (1935-1945).
-Swing is performed by big bands with fifteen musicians.
Swing
–Is for dancing, entertainment, and easy listening only.
Sweet Swing
-Is also known as big band jazz, created by more skillful jazz composers, arrangers, and performers.
-This is also called as concert jazz.
Hot Swing
-This is an important jazz style in the 1940s.
-It is aggressive and fast and is not intended for dancing but for listening.
-This is performed by smaller ensembles called combos that emphasize individualistic performance.
Bebop or Bop
–Is an important figure in the bebop style, the greatest improviser in jazz.
Charlie “Bird” Parker (1920-1955)
