Music History II- Classical Period Flashcards
The lower class citizens can now have rights
Humanitarianism
Comedy Opera
Opera Buffa
Italian comic opera. Performed in two or three segments between the acts of a serious opera or play
Intermezzo
Serious Opera
Opera Seria
Italian poet who worked at the German imperial court in Vienna. Creator of Opera Serio
Pietro Metastasio
Expanded format: 2 vocal statements in the A section, which became that standard aria form in the 18th century
Abbreviated Da Capo
Member of the Royal Academy of Music. Amazing Italian soprano, married Johann Adolf Hasse.
Faustina Bordoni
Gave operas spoken dialogue. Despite the name these operas had serious plots.
Opera Comique
The English form of opera. Spoken dialogue and songs that set new words to borrowed tunes.
Ballad Opera
Satirized London society by replacing the ancient heroes and elevated sentiments of traditional opera with modern urban thieves and prostitutes and their crimes.
The Beggar’s Opera
New German genre. Featured spoken dialogue, musical numbers, usually centered on a comic plot of love
Singspiel
Movement to make the design more “natural” - more flexible in structure, more expressive, less ornamented, more varied musical resources. Alternated recitatives and arias more flexible
Opera Reform
Wrote French, Italian, and German operatic styles. Studied under Giovanni Battista Sammartini in Italy. Became court composer to Emperor Charles VI at Vienna. Under the patronage of Marie Antoinette in Paris. Collaborated with the poet Ranieri Calzabigi to produce Orfeo ed Euridce and Alceste
Cristoph Willibald Gluck
French term for the manners and attitudes cultivated at courts
Galant
German for “sensitive style.” Characterized by surprising turns of harmony, chromaticism, nervous rhythms, and rhapsodically free speech-like melody. Example: fantasias.
Empfindsam
Italian composer. Mainly focused on keyboard sonatas. One of the most original and creative keyboard composers of the 18th century. Composed operas, cantatas, and church music. Worked for the King of Portugal. 30 harpsichord sonatas, 555 sonatas. Used balanced binary form
Domenico Scarlatti
The elector Palatine’s court was one of the most active musical centers in Europe. This orchestra was internationally famous for its discipline and technique. Unprecedented dynamic range.
Manheim
Virtuoso organist, keyboardist, and violinist. Married his first cousin, and Anna Wilcke a court singer. He did private tutoring and served as a organ consult. Became a court musician as an organist and later as the concert master. Died after a stoke
J.C. Bach
Principal ideas are presented. 4 phrases. 1 and 2 in tonic. 3 modulates either dominate or relative major. 4 in new key.
Section 1 Sonata Form
Any number of phrases. Begins with opening theme in dominant or another key. One or more keys distant from the tonic. Modulates back to the tonic with another melodic idea. Ends on the dominant chord to prepare for the return of the tonic.
Section 2 Sonata Form
Begins and ends with the tonic. Parallels the 1 section. Restates material 3rd phrase ends with a half cadence in the tonic. 4th and appendix phrase end in tonic. Emphasized by restatement in home key
Part 2 Section 2 Sonata Form
Orfeo ed Euridice
Alceste
Gluck
Der Tod Jesu (The Death of Jesus)
Carl Graun
Die Entfuhrung aus dem Seriat, The Marriage of Figaro, The Magic Flute
Mozart
The Creation
Haydyn
Li zite’ngalera (The Lovers on the Valley)
T’aggio mmidea
Leonardo Vinci
La serva padrona (The Maid as the Mistress)
Giovanni Pergolesi
L’Arecadia in Brenta
Carto Goldini
La Clamenza di Tito
Pietro Metastio
Digli ch’io son fedele
Johann Hasse
Le Devin du village
Jean Jacques Rosseau
Fidelio
Beethoven
The Beggar’s Opera
John Gay
Tsefali Prokeis (Casdlkfjasd..
Araja
Trained in church, choir boy. Did the patronage system- Prince Esterhazy. Longer Life. Operas are not commonly performed today. Known for string quartets. At the time was more famous, good and music was performed. Financially stable. Composed at keyboard.
Haydyn Essay
Good young musicians, Prolific. Symphonies, keyboard works, concertos, operas, string quartets.
Similarities
Trained by his father, at home. Freelancing. Prodigy. Short life. Operas are very well known. Wrote the Haydyn string quartets. Is known better today- prodigy, music wasn’t really performed. No one knows where his money went, but he made enough. Composed in his head.
Mozart