Music History

Question 1

Rythmic Modes

Answer 1

Six Basic patters (modes) according to Garlandia

Question 2

Micrologus

Answer 2

written by Guido of Arrezzo’s. Practical guide for singers that covers notes, intervals, the eight modes, melodic composition, and improvised polyphony

Question 3

Guidonia Hand

Answer 3

Pedagogical aid that was developed by followers of Guido

Question 4

Syllabic

Answer 4

one syllable per pitch

Question 5

Strophic

Answer 5

poem consisting of one or more stanzas that are equivalent in form and can be sung to the same melody

Question 6

Mellismatic

Answer 6

many syllables per pitch

Question 7

Psalm Tone

Answer 7

formulas for singing psalms in the office

Question 8

Epics

Answer 8

long heroic narrative

Question 9

Minstrel

Answer 9

musicians who were specialized

Question 10

Troubadour

Answer 10

southern French merchants

Question 11

Bar Form

Answer 11

AAB; used in motets

Question 12

Breves

Answer 12

(brief) short notes

Question 13

Magnus Liber Organi

Answer 13

an anonymous treaty IV used to teach organum techniques. Leoninus and Perotinus

Question 14

Perotinus

Answer 14

Created organa for three or ever four voices. organum duplum, triplum, and quadruplum.

Question 15

Ars Nova

Answer 15

French musical style inaugurated by Vitry in the 1310’s till the 1370’s

Question 16

Guillame de Machaut

Answer 16

He is known for his self-awareness as a creator. He wrote narrative poems and one of his most popular works would be La Messe de Nostre Dame.

Question 17

Ethos

Answer 17

one’s logical character or way of being and behaving

Question 18

The Greater Perfect System

Answer 18

4 tetrachords plus an added lowest note complete a two-tone octave span

Question 19

Gregorian Chant

Answer 19

associated with Pope Gregor. Legend says a dove brought the melody of this to him.

Question 20

Neumes

Answer 20

signs were the earliest notation signs

Question 21

Solesmes

Answer 21

prepared by monks, were modern editions of chant.

Question 22

Church Modes

Answer 22

eight modes, adapted from the eight echoi of Byzantine chant

Question 23

Ordinary of the Mass

Answer 23

common day mass, texts don’t change but melodies may vary

Question 24

Responsorial Chant

Answer 24

soloist alternates with the choir or congregation

Question 25

Antiphonal Chant

Answer 25

two groups or halves of the choir alternate

Question 26

Direct Chant

Answer 26

without alternation

Question 27

Cantor

Answer 27

leader of the choir

Question 28

Hildergard of Bingen

Answer 28

nun(abbess). wrote chant. liturgical drama- is still performed today, at a certain degree. first famous (female) composer.

Question 29

Goliard Songs

Answer 29

songs made by wandering students

Question 30

Jongleurs

Answer 30

(jugglers) lower-class itinerant musicians who traveled alone, or in groups. earned a living by performing

Question 31

Trouveres

Answer 31

northern French merchants

Question 32

Minnesingers

Answer 32

German knightly poet-musicians

Question 33

Hurdy-gurdy

Answer 33

three-stringed vielle, surrounded by a rotating wheel inside the instrument turned by a crank at one end

Question 34

Orgnaum

Answer 34

two or more voices singing different notes in agreeable combinations to give rules

Question 35

Longs

Answer 35

long notes

Question 36

Leoninus

Answer 36

“Pure Organum” composed in two voices and features two styles of polyphony, organum, and discant. composer of Roman Liturgical chant, created polyphony for Notre dame.

Question 37

Motet

Answer 37

latin words to the upper voices of discant clausulae, analogous, to the way earlier musicians had added texts to chant melismas to create sequences and textual tropes

Question 38

Francesco Landini

Answer 38

Was an organist at the moastery of Santa Trinita, and then a chaplain at the church of San Lorenza. Best known for his ballate.

Question 39

Musica Ficta

Answer 39

certain chromatic alternations that were left up to the performers. avoid tritone and often used at cadences.