music 51-100 Flashcards
what is the interval between c and g ascending
perfect fifth
what is the interval between a and c ascending
minor third
what is the interval between f and b ascending
tritone
what is the interval between ^6 and ^7 in a major scale
whole step
What determines the number of beats per second created by two interfering sound waves?
the number of beats per second created by two interfering sound waves is equal to the difference in frequency between the two waves (f1 - f2 = bps).
what is the interval between ^2 and ^3 in a major scale
whole step
what are the 3 varieties of minor scale
natural, melodic and harmonic
hat scale degree is always lowered in a minor scale
^3
how does harmonic minor differ from natural minor
the seventh scale degree is raised in harmonic minor
relative major and minor
major and minor scales that use the same pitches, but different tonics
parallel major and minor
major and minor scales that contain the same pitches
andante
at a walking pace
which scale degrees can be lowered in a blues scale
^3 and ^5
melody
a series of successive pitches perceived but the ear ti firm a whole cohesive
how many pitches can occur simultaneously in a melody
1
what is the fastest tempo
presto
what is the slowest tempo
lento or grave
andante
at a walking pace
what other name is used to refer to a full cadence?
authentic cadence
on what harmony does half cadence rest?
the dominant
theme
a set of phrases making up a complete melody which figures prominently in a piece of music
how does the sequence differ from repitition?
in sequence, the repetition occurs at varying pitch levels
what symbols are used to label complete sections of MUSICAL FORM IN A DIAGRAM?
capital letters
what TWO contrasting elements must a listener be able to recognize in musical variation?
continuity and alteration
what symbol is used to denote a variation on a theme?
a “prime” mark added to the same capital letter used for the theme
what meter is generally used for a twelve-bar blues?
duple
What THREE harmonies appear in a standard twelve-bar blues?
I, IV, and V (tonic, predominant and dominant)
How is contrast used in ternary form?
There is a contrasting middle section between the similar first and last sections.
What kind of cadence is used to end each section of ternary form?
authentic cadence
What name is ternary form also known by?
ABA form
rondo form
a form made up of a multiple sections, one of which recurs
how does rondo form differ from ternary form?
rondo form is less structured than tenury form and allows for more and different sections
how long are the sections of a standard 32-bar form?
8 measures each
What diagram is typically used to represent a 32-bar form
AABA
fugue subject
a single theme developed using a counterpoint
countersubject
a companion theme to the fugue subject
imitation
the approximate repetition of a melodic idea a a different pitch level
what musical texture best describes a fugue?
polyphony
At either of what TWO intervals from an original subject does the second line of a fugue usually imitiate the subject?
a fifth higher, or a fourth lower
what THREE main sections make up the sonata form
exposition, development, and reacapitualition
how many major musical ideas are present in a sonatat?
2
To what key does the sonata form usually modulate for the second idea
the dominant
how does the exposition of a sonata form generally end?
a strong cadence in the dominant key
Which section form is the most harmonically unstable?
the development
how does the development of a sonata form generally end?
a half cadence in the dominant key
How does the reacapitulation differ from the exposition in the sonata form
the second msuical idea does not modulate to the dominant key in the recapitulation
movements
shorter, distinct pieces that make up a longer work
what pattern of tempos usually appears in four-movemet, but not three-movement, sonata cycles?
a dance-like “minuet and trio” movement
performance practice
a study of how music actually
In a sound wave, what is the difference between compression and rarefaction?
A sound wave moving through the air causes pressure changes. Compression refers to the space where air pressure is increased, while rarefaction is the area where air pressure is decreased. One cycle of compression and rarefaction creates a complete sound wave.
