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Art - Music - Economics > art 201-250 > Flashcards

art 201-250 Flashcards

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1
Q

what materials make up the outer ring of stonehenge

A

huge sarsen pieces arranged in post and lintel construction

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2
Q

what makes up the second outermost ring of stonehenge

A

bluestones

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3
Q

In all four printmaking processes, a latent image is created on a ___

A

printing plate

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4
Q

which printmaking processes involve the carving of a design onto the surface of the printing plate

A

relief and intaglio printmaking

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5
Q

name three types of material that are used for the plate in relief printmaking

A

wood, linoleum, and synthetic material

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6
Q

in relief printmaking, what tool is used to roll ink over the surface of the printing plate

A

a brayer

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7
Q

what tool is used to force the ink onto paper in relief and intaglio printmaking

A

a burnisher

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8
Q

what is the register in relief printmaking

A

a device that lines up plates for printing

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9
Q

what is a monotype

A

a combination of printmaking and painting in which an artist paints onto a printing plate and then transfers the impression onto paper

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10
Q

this method of printmaking is much like relief printmaking, but works in the opposite manner

A

intaglio printmaking

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11
Q

describe intaglio printmaking

A

the design is engraved into a wood or metal plate and en ink is laid into the grooves to print the image

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12
Q

the process of cutting lines into the surface of a plate is called

A

engraving

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13
Q

etching is an (relief/intaglio) process

A

intaglio

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14
Q

describe the etching technique

A

the design is incised into a wax covered metal plate. the plate is then immersed in acid, which eats away at the exposed design. ink is then laid into the grooves create by the acid.

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15
Q

what are the two main types of intaglio printmaking

A

engraving (non-acid) and etching (acid)

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16
Q

what is drypoint

A

an intaglio technique that involves the scratching of the design onto the plate with a sharp point

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17
Q

what is the difference between drypoint and engraving

A

drypoint makes incisions by scratching, while engraving does this by carving. Engraved lines are therefore smooth and hard while drypoint makes soft, fuzzy lines.

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18
Q

what is burr

A

the raised metal left around the edge of a design in engraving or drypoint.

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19
Q

what is mezzotint

A

mezzotint is an intaglio process in which the surface of a plate is roughened evenly. the image is then smoothed into the plate. this process is known for its ability to create high quality tone and shades.

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20
Q

who invented mezzotint

A

prince rupert in 1649

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21
Q

who invented lithography

A

alois senefelder in 1798

22
Q

describe the lithography process

A

the image is drawn onto the plate with a waxy pencil or crayon. the plate is the immersed in water, which remains only on the non-oily parts of the plate. the ink that is then applied only sticks to the oily design and resists the water. the image is then transferred to paper with a press.

23
Q

What five aspects of context may art historians examine?

A

patronage, viewer access, physical location, cost, and subject

24
Q

What assumption does art history make as it examine changes in style over time?

A

The work of one generation of artists will impact the next in the same cultural setting

25
Q

How do art historians often begin their analysis of a work of art?

A

close examination of the work

26
Q

Why is direct examination of a work better than examination of a reproduction?

A

many qualities of an artwork are lost by examining reproducing

27
Q

What three qualities of an artwork are lost when examine a reproduction?

A

size, texture, and some color quality

28
Q

Why might an art historian choose to examine a reproduction instead of the original work?

A

The original work may be damaged or lost

29
Q

What artistic sources may art historians examine to understand the context of an artwork?

A

associated studies such as sketches and other works by the same artist or contemporaries

30
Q

What three written sources may art historians use in contextual examination?

A

letters between the artist and patron, other documents regarding the artwork’s commission and art criticism

31
Q

What three factors may art historians consider when determining the context of a work?

A

cost of materials. the function of the work, and literature, music, theater, and history of the time

32
Q

What two methods may art historians use to immerse themselves in an artistic context?

A

interviews with artists an consumers of art and participant observation

33
Q

When did art history begin as an academic discipline?

A

the mid 18th century

34
Q

Which Roman historian sought to analyze historical and contemporary art?

A

Pliny the Elder

35
Q

What book, analyzing historical and contemporary art, did Pliny the Elder write?

A

Natural History

36
Q

Which Italian author and artist wrote The Lives of the Artists?

A

Giorgio Vasari

37
Q

Johann Joachim Wickelmann

A

Enlightenment scholar, shifted the focus of art history to study of stylistic development over time

38
Q

What aspect of art analysis received increasing emphasis in the 19th and 20th centuries?

A

the relationship between formal qualities of a work and its context

39
Q

What group has recently proposed a revised view of art history?

A

feminist art historians

40
Q

What have feminist historians noticed about traditional art history?

A

It tended to focus on white men

41
Q

How has art history as a discipline changed in response to revisionist views?

A

Art history has become more international, multicultural, and inclusive

42
Q

What major trend is observable in the changing focus of art history over time?

A

Artistic genius and individualism has diminished while “visual culture” has increased

43
Q

How have we gleaned most of our information about the earliest humans?

A

artifacts from earlier cultures

44
Q

Of what materials are most surviving accent artworks made?

A

stone, metal, or fired clay

45
Q

pop art

A

style that violated artistic subject-matter conventions

46
Q

Andy Warhol

A

pop art icon whose work mocked the art world

47
Q

Roy Lichenstein

A

pop artist who used comic-book style illustration

48
Q

Robert Indiana

A

pop artist who used industrial stencils in his art

49
Q

minimalism

A

artistic style that reduced art to bare essentials

50
Q

TWO innovations that enabled Minimalist “hard-edge painting”

A

acrylic paint and the airbrush

Art - Music - Economics (34 decks)

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