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Pharm Exam 3 > Musculoskeltetal drugs > Flashcards

Musculoskeltetal drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Over Activity of Osteoclast
Increase the risk of FX
loss in bone density

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2
Q

BMP peaks around?

A

80 y/o

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3
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone-building cells

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4
Q

Osteoclast

A

Break down bones

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5
Q

Resorption

A

Breaking down the bone, let the calcium out

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6
Q

Osteopenia

A

Low BMP

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7
Q

Calcium for men 51-70

A

1000mg a day

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8
Q

Calcium

A

Builds bones

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9
Q

Calcium for everyone over 70

A

1200mg

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10
Q

Vitamin D

A

D5, sun to convert vitamin D to be useable

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11
Q

Smoking

A

affects and decreases vitamin d absorption

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12
Q

Alcohol

A

Decreases calcium absorption

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13
Q

Hormone Therapy

A

no longer recommended to treat
used to prevent

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14
Q

Osteoporosis drugs

A

Bisphosphonates
SERMS (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators)

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15
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

inhibits resorptions of bones by inhibiting osteoclast activity

Should not be taken with NSAIDs, aspirin, antacids

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16
Q

Bisphosphonates side effects

A

Gi distress
esophageal inflammation
difficultly swallowing
reflux
ulcers

Sit or stand 30 mins after taking (harsh on esophagus)

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17
Q

Bisphosphonates contraindications

A

esophageal abnormalities
delayed emptying of the stomach
inability to sit or stand for 30 mins

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18
Q

Bisphosphonates meds

A

Alendronate (Fosamax)- taken daily or weekly
Ibandronate Sodium (Boniva)- Orally monthly or IV every 3 months
Risedronate (Actonel)- taken orally daily or weekly
Zoledronic Acid (Reclast)- administered IV yearly (for treatment)

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19
Q

SERMs

A

Acts like estrogen on certain parts of the body while not affecting other parts (it does not affect endometrium)
increase bone mineral density decreases bone turnover and redices vertebral FX

Raloxifene (Evista)- Orally daily

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20
Q

SERMs side effects

A

the benefit of decreasing incidence of breast cancer

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21
Q

Vitamin D Function

A

Regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism
Needed to absorb calcium from GI tract

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21
Q

SERMs contraindications

A

history of DVT
use with caution in cardiac patients

Take with calcium and Vitamin D

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22
Q

Vitamin D

A

taken orally
Hypervitaminosis D
Hypercalcemia
Anorexia
v/ n

RDA
600 IU- 19- 70 daily
800 IU- 70+ daily

23
Q

Calcium

A

Electrolyte
Normal Serum range- 8.6 to 10.2

24
Q

Calcium Function

A

promote normal nerce and muscle activity
aids in heart contractions
maintains normal cellular permeability
promotes blood clotting
promotes bone and teeth formation

25
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

less than 8.6mg/dl

signs and symptoms
bone fx
anxiety
irritability
tetany
decreased cardiac output
EKG changes
dysrhythmias

26
Q

Calcium Admin for Hypocalcemia

A

to correct deficit or prevent osteoporosis
oral (calcium with salt)
IV (calcium chloride or calcium gluconate)

27
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

more than 10.2mg/dl

Signs and symptoms
fatigue
muscle weakness
depressed reflexes
confusion
impaired memory
GI distress
N/ V/ D
EKG changes
dysrhythmias
kidney stones

28
Q

Hypercalcemia TX

A

treat underlying cause
flush excess with IV fluids

29
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Not an NSAID
Action- inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Hepatotoxic

Uses
muscle aches
pain
fever

Max dose 4g/ daily
if taken frequently/ 2g a day

30
Q

Acetaminophen Effects

A

rash
headache
insomnia
Gi distress

31
Q

Acetaminophen Toxic effects

A

hepatoxicity
renal failure
thrombocytopenia
hemolytic anemia
agranulocytosis
leukopenia
neutropenia

32
Q

Opioid Analgesics

A

Use- moderate to severe pain

Possess antidiarrheal effects

33
Q

opioid analgesic action site

A

Acts on CNS
suppress pain impulsis
suppress respiration and coughing by acting on respiratory and cough centers in the medulla

34
Q

Opioid analgesic contraindications/ side effects

A

Head Injury

Side effects
N/ V
constipation
decrease in blood pressure
orthostatic hypotension
respiratory depression
urinary retention
antitussive effects
Drug tolerance
withdraw symptoms (after stopping)
twitching
increased pulse
increased hr

35
Q

Morphine

A

opiod analgesic
PO, IV, IM

36
Q

Morphine side effects

A

drowsiness
dizziness
euphoria
confusion
depression
miosis
blurred vision
GI distress
flatulence
constipation
orthostatic hypotension
weakness
urinary retention
respiratory depression

37
Q

Meperidine

A

One of the first synthetic opioids
IV, IM, PO
less constipation
preferred during pregnancy
can decrease bp

38
Q

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

A

semisynthehetic opioid similar to morphine
analgesic effect is 6 times more potent than morphine with fewer hypnotic effects
faster onset shorter duration
PO, Rectal, IM, IV

39
Q

Hydromorphone side effects

A

drowsiness
dizziness
confusion
orthostatic hypotension
weakness
constipation
miosis
tolerance
dependence
respiratory depression
urinary retention

40
Q

Combination Drugs

A

Hydrocondone and Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen and condeine

decreases the risk of dependency

41
Q

Patient controlled analgesia (PCA)

A

Morphine is commonly used
predetermined safety limits
loading dose
locked mechanism
near-constant analgesic level

42
Q

Transdermal Opioid Analgesics

A

around-the-clock pain control
fentanyl
more potent than morphine
exercise caution when prescribing fentanyl for patients with less than 100 pounds

43
Q

adjuvant therapies

A

typically used along with a nonopioid and opioid

examples
anticonvulsants
antidepressants
corticosteroids
antidysrhythmics
local anesthetics

44
Q

Opioid Agonists- Antagonsist examples

A

pentazocine
butorphanol tartrate
budprenorphine
nalbuphine hydrochloride

not given for cancer pain
safe for use during labor
safety during early pregnancy not established

45
Q

Opioid antagonsits action

A

blocks receptor and displaces opioid

46
Q

opioid antagonists use

A

antidote for opiate overdonses
reverse effects of opiates, including respiratory depression, depression, hypotension

47
Q

opioid meds

A

naloxone (Narcan)
IV, IM
naltrexone hydrochloride (ReVia)
PO, IM

48
Q

opioid antagonist’s side effects/ adverse reactions

A

sweating
flushing
agitation
dyspnea
hypo/hyperthyroidism
tachycardia
N/ V
elevated PTT
bleeding
reversal of analgesiaia

Monitor vitals and bleeding continuously.

49
Q

Non-opioid analgesic

A

less potent than opioids
used to treat mild to moderate pain
some OTC, some prescription

50
Q

Acute Pain

A

sudden onset, treatable, less than a month

51
Q

Chronic Pain

A

Persistent pain that lasts longer than treatment time, longer than 3 to 6 months

52
Q

Cancer Pain

A

pain related to cancer

53
Q

Somatic Pain

A

pain from injury to the bone

54
Q

Superficial Pain

A

pain in the mucous membrane/ skin

55
Q

Vascular Pain

A

pain to the vessels/ poor circulation

56
Q

Visceral Pain

A

Pain in the organs

Pharm Exam 3 (5 decks)

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