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Pharm Exam 3 > CNS stimulants and depressants > Flashcards

CNS stimulants and depressants Flashcards

1
Q

CNS stimulants

A

ADHD
narcolepsy
reversal of respiratory distress

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2
Q

Three categories of CNS stimulants

A

amphetamines (acts on cerebral cortex)
analeptics/ caffeine (acts on brainstem and medulla)
anorexiants (act on satiety center in hypothalamic and limbic areas)

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3
Q

ADHD patho

A

dysregulation of transmitters

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4
Q

ADHD epidemiology

A

usually occurs before 7
more common in males/ boys

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5
Q

ADHD characteristics

A

inattentiveness
inability to concentrate
restlessness
hyperactivity
impulsivity
inability to complete tasks

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6
Q

narcolepsy

A

recurrent attacks of drowsiness and sleep during normal walking activities
falling asleep while
driving
talking
eating
standing

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7
Q

amphetamine action

A

stimulate release of norepi and dopamine
inhibit reuptake of norepi and dopamine

High potential for abuse

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8
Q

amphetamine side effects

A

tachycardia
palpitations
hypertension
restlessness
irritability
blurred vision
insomnia
dry mouth
anorexia
ED

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9
Q

amphetamine-like drugs for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)

increase attention span and performance
decrease hyperactivity and impulses

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10
Q

amphetamine-like drugs for narcolepsy

A

methylphenidate (Ritalin)
modafinil (Provigil)

increase wakefulness

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11
Q

Methylphenidate action

A

Ritalin
modulates serotonergic pathways by affecting changes in dopamine transport
ADHD
narcolepsy

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12
Q

methylphenidate interactions

A

caffeine increases effects
may decrease antihypertensives
increase effects of oral anticoags, anticonvulsants, MAOIs, and tricyclic
may alter insulin effects

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13
Q

Methylphenidate side effects

A

tachy
palpitations
dyrhythmias
irritablity
resltessness
tremors
headache
euphoria
confusion
seizures
dry mouth
vomiting
ED

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14
Q

Anorexiants

A

cause stimulant effect on hypothalamic and limbic areas of the brain to suppress appetite
do not give to children under 12

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15
Q

anorexiants side effects

A

nervousness
irritability
insomnia
techy
hypertension
palpitations
seizures

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16
Q

Analeptics

A

caffeine

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17
Q

analeptics side effects

A

palpitations
tachy
dysrhythmias
insomnia
nervousness
restlessness
tremors
seizures

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18
Q

Spinal blocks

A

penetration of the anesthetic to the subarachnoid membrane

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19
Q

epidural block

A

placement of local anesthetic in the epidural space

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20
Q

caudal block

A

placed near the sacrum

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21
Q

saddle block

A

Administered at the lower end of the spinal column to blocked the perineal area

22
Q

spinal anesthesia

A

local anesthetic injected into the subarachnoid space
side effects
headache
hypotension
respiratory distress

23
Q

local anesthetics

A

block pain at the site where the drug is administered
consciousness is maintained

24
Q

local anesthetic use

A

dental procedures
suturing skin
minor surgery (short term)
nerve blocks
diagnostic procedures (lumbar puncture/ thora)
regional blocks

25
Q

local anesthetic groups

A

2
esters
amides
low incidence of allergic reaction
lidocaine
procaine

26
Q

types of anesthetics

A

general
depresses cns
alleviates pain
causes loss of consciousness
local
pain relief in limited area

27
Q

anesthetic route of admin

A

inhalation
IV
PO
topical
local
spinal

28
Q

Benzodiaepines action

A

for sleep disorders and anxiety
CS schedule IV drugs

29
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

loraepam (ativan)
diazepam (valium)
flurazepam (dalmane)
alprezolam (xanazx)
temazepam (resoril)
triazolam (hilcion)
estazolam (prosom)
quazepam (doral)

30
Q

nonbenzodiapzimines action

A

neurotransmitter inhibition
cns depression
duration 4- 6 hours
used to treat short-term insomnia
CS IV

31
Q

nonbenzodiazepine

A

zolpidem (Ambien)

32
Q

Melatonin agonists

A

Ramelteon (Rozerem)
first FDA hypnotic, not CS
targets melatonin receptors
regulates circadian rhythm
short half-life of 1 - 2.5 hours

33
Q

melatonin agonist’s side effects

A

dizziness
fatigue
headache
nausea
suicidal thoughts

34
Q

balanced anesthesia may include

A

hypnotic given the night before
premedication
short-acting barbiturate
inhaled gas
muscle relaxants are given as needed

35
Q

Stages of general anesthesia

A

STAGE ONE: analgesia (loss of consciousness
STAGE 2: excitement or delirium (depression of cerebral cortex short induction time)
STAGE 3: surgical (the stage where surgery is performed, shallow but fast RR)
STAGE 4: medullary paralysis (toxic stage of anesthesia RR lost and cardiovascular collapse)

36
Q

inhalation anesthetics

A

halothane, methoxyflurane, enflurane
provides smooth induction
usually combined with nonbarbiturate (propofol)
analgesic (morphine)
muscle relaxant (pancuronium)
consciousness reoccurs an hour after discontinuation

37
Q

inhalation anesthetics side effects

A

respiratory depression
hypotension
dysrhythmias
hepatic dysfunction
malignant hyperthermia

38
Q

Intravenous Anesthetics

A

IV
Ketamine, etomidate, droperidol
-rapid onset short duration
Midazolam (versed) Propofol (diprivan)
-patient sedated and relaxed by responsive

39
Q

topical anesthetics use

A

mucous membranes
broken or unbroken skin surfaces
burns

Decrease sensitivity of nerve endings in the affected area

40
Q

topical anesthetic forms

A

solution
liquid spray
ointment
cream
gel
powder

41
Q

balanced anesthesia premedication

A

opioid or analgesic or benzodiazepine
anticoholinergic

42
Q

Respiratory CNS stimulant use

A

Post-anesthesia respiratory depression
IV
doxapram (dopram)

43
Q

respiratory CNS stimulant side effects

A

headache
dizziness
confusion
tachycardia
flushing
sweating

44
Q

CNS depressants

A

sedative-hypnotics
anesthetics

45
Q

CNS depressant use

A

decrease the perception of pain
induce sleep and relaxation
decrease LOC
decrease muscle tone
reduce impulses to the brain

46
Q

insomnia

A

more common in females
treatment sedative hypnotics

47
Q

insomnia nonpharm management

A

get up at the same time each day
no naps
warm fluids to drink
avoid caffeine 6 hours before bedtime
avoid heavy meals and exercise before bed
warm bath
quiet environment

48
Q

sedative

A

produce mildest form of CNS depression

49
Q

sedative-hypnotics

A

barbiturates
benzodiazapines
nonbenzodiazepines

50
Q

sedative-hypnotics side effects

A

residual drowsiness
vivid dreams/ nightmares
drug dependence
drug tolerance
excessive depression
respiratory depression
hypersensitivity
withdraw symptoms

51
Q

barbiturates interactions

A

alcohol
opioids
other sedative-hypnotics

52
Q

barbiturates

A

short or intermediate-acting
short term use
CS 2, 3, 4

Pharm Exam 3 (5 decks)

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