Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Bone

Answer 1

• dynamic structures capable of responding to stress and a constant turnover over of maternal
• constructed from a matrix of collagen called protein
• after puberty bone growth slows down so younger puberty can mean smaller, therefore boys taller than gitrls

Question 2

Functions of bone

Answer 2

• movement
• protection and support
• mineral storage (calcium, magnesium, phosphate)
• hearing
• manufacture blood cells (some bones contain bone marrow which contains stem cells which can divide to form red and white blood cells)

Question 3

Parathormone

Answer 3

• produced from 4 small glands found on the thyroid gland
• hormone increases plasma calcium levels: increasing absorption from the gut and increasing reabsorption from the bone
• antagonised by sex hormones such as testosterone and oestrogen
• increased activity of this hormone in post menopausal women = osteoporosis

Question 4

Muscle - properties

Answer 4

• contractility
• extensibility
• elasticity

Question 5

Muscle in neonates

Answer 5

• fastest growing protein mass in neonate
• rapid protein synthesis
• accumulation of multiple nuclei
• stimulated by feeding

Question 6

Tendons and Ligaments

Answer 6

tendons - attach muscle to bone, allowing muscles to act

ligaments - attach bone to bone, helping to stabilise joints