Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
Skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.
Appendicular Skeleton
Shoulder girdle, bones of the arms, wrists, and hands. Pelvic girdle, and the bones of the legs, ankles, and feet.
Fibrous Joints
Virtually no movement (skull)
Cartilaginous Joints
Allow limited movement (intervertebral disks)
Synovial Joints
Allow considerable movement (elbows and knees)
Hyaline Cartilage
Smooth covering on articulated bone ends
Uniaxial Joints
Operate as hinges, essentially rotating about only one axis (elbow)
Biaxial Joints
Allow movement about two perpendicular axes (ankle & wrist)
Multiaxial Joints
Allow movement about all three perpendicular axes that define space (shoulder and hip - ball & socket joints)
Vertebral Column
7 cervical (neck); 12 thoracic (upper/middle back); 5 lumbar (lower back); 5 sacral (pelvis); 3 to 5 coccygeal vertebrae (below pelvis).
Epimysium
Fibrous connective tissue covering the skeletal muscles.
Bone Periosteum
Specialized connective tissue covering all bones.
Proximal
Closer to trunk
Distal
Farther from trunk
Types of limb muscle attachments
Proximal & Distal
Types of trunk muscle attachments
Superior & Inferior
Superior
Closer to head
Inferior
Closer to feet
Describe Muscle Fibers
Long, cylindrical cells about the diameter of a hair
Perimysium
Connective tissue that surrounds bundles of muscle fibers
Endomysium
Connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
Sarcolemma
Muscle fiber membrane
Neuromuscular Junction
(Motor end plate) - The junction between a motor neuron (nerve cell) and the muscle fibers it innervates.
Motor Unit
Motor neuron (nerve cell) and the muscle fibers it innervates
Sarcomere
Smallest contractile unit of skeletal muscle
Power Stroke
Energy for pulling action; actin filament pulled toward the center of the sarcomere.
3 Types of connective tissue
Epimysium (outer layer), perimysium, and endomysium
